Appendix
Table 1. Metric Conversion Coefficients and Factors
When you know |
Multiply by |
To find |
|
|
|
Millimeters |
0.04 |
inches |
Centimeters |
0.39 |
inches |
Meters |
3.3 |
feet |
Kilometers |
0.62 |
miles |
Hectares |
2.47 |
acres |
Square kilometers |
0.39 |
square miles |
Cubic meters |
35.3 |
cubic feet |
Liters |
0.26 |
gallons |
Kilograms |
2.2 |
pounds |
Metric tons |
0.98 |
long tons |
|
1.1 |
short tons |
|
2,204.0 |
pounds |
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) |
1.8
and add 32 |
degrees Fahrenheit |
Table 2. The House of Osman: Sultans of the Ottoman Empire, 1281-1922
Name |
Lineage |
Reigned |
Osman I |
Son of the gazi
Ertugrul |
1281-1324 |
Orhan |
Son of Osman |
1324-60 |
Murad I |
Son of Orhan |
1360-89 |
Bayezid I2 |
Son of Murad I |
1389-1402 |
Süleyman |
Son of Bayezid I |
1402-11 |
Musa2 |
Son of Bayezid I |
1411-13 |
Mehmet I2 |
Son of Bayezid I |
1413-21 |
Murad II |
Son of Mehmet I |
1421-44, 1446-51 |
Mehmet II |
Son of Murad II |
1444-46, 1451-81 |
Bayezid II |
Son of Mehmet II |
1481-1512 |
Selim I |
Son of Bayezid II |
1512-20 |
Süleyman I |
Son of Selim I |
1520-66 |
Selim II |
Son of Süleyman I |
1566-74 |
Murad III |
Son of Selim II |
1574-95 |
Mehmet III |
Son of Murad III |
1595-1603 |
Ahmet I |
Son of Mehmet III |
1603-17 |
Mustafa I |
Son of Ahmet I |
1617-18 |
Osman II |
Son of Ahmet I |
1618-22 |
Mustafa I |
Son of Ahmet I |
1622-23 |
Murad IV |
Nephew of Mustafa I |
1623-40 |
Ibrahim |
Brother of Murad IV |
1640-48 |
Mehmet IV |
Son of Ibrahim |
1648-87 |
Süleyman II |
Son of Ibrahim |
1687-91 |
Ahmet II |
Son of Ibrahim |
1691-95 |
Mustafa II |
Son of Mehmet IV |
1695-1703 |
Ahmet III |
Son of Mehmet IV |
1703-30 |
Mahmud I |
Son of Mustafa II |
1730-54 |
Osman III |
Son of Mustafa II |
1754-57 |
Mustafa III |
Son of Ahmet III |
1757-74 |
Abdül Hamid I |
Brother of Mustafa III |
1774-89 |
Selim III |
Nephew of Abdül
Hamid I |
1789-1807 |
Mustafa IV |
Cousin of Selim III |
1807-08 |
Mahmud II |
Brother of Mustafa IV |
1808-39 |
Abdülmecid I |
Son of Mahmud II |
1839-61 |
Abdülaziz |
Son of Mahmud II |
1861-76 |
Murad V |
Son of Abdülmecid I |
1876 |
Abdül Hamid II |
Son of Abdülmecid I |
1876-1909 |
Mehmet V |
Son of Abdülmecid I |
1909-18 |
Mehmet VI |
Son of Abdülmecid I |
1918-22 |
Table 3. Presidents and Prime Ministers, 1920-95
President |
Prime Minister |
Period in Office |
|
Atatürk |
May 1920-January 1921 |
|
Fevzi Çakmak1 |
January 1921-July 1922 |
|
Rauf Orbay1 |
July 1922-August 1923 |
|
Fethi Okyar1 |
August-October 1923 |
Atatürk
(1923-38) |
Ismet Inönü (CHP) |
November 1923-November 1924 |
|
Fethi Okyar (Progressive
Republican Party) |
November 1924-March 1925 |
|
Ismet Inönü (CHP) |
March 1925-October 1937 |
Ismet Inönü
(1938-50) |
Celal Bayar (CHP) |
October 1937-January 1939 |
|
Refik Saydam (CHP) |
January 1939-July 1942 |
|
Sükrü Saraçoglu (CHP) |
July 1942-August 1946 |
|
Recep Peker (CHP) |
August 1946-September 1947 |
|
Hasan Saka (CHP) |
September 1947-January 1949 |
|
Semsettin Günaltay (CHP) |
January 1949-May 1950 |
Celal Bayar
(1950-60) |
Adnan Menderes (DP) |
May 1950-May 1960 |
Cemal Gürsel (1960-66) |
Cemal Gürsel |
May 1960-November 1961 |
|
Ismet Inönü (CHP) |
November 1961-February 1965 |
|
Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
(Independent) |
February-October 1965 |
|
Süleyman Demirel (AP) |
October 1965-March 1971 |
Cevdet Sunay
(1966-73) |
Nihat Erim (Independent) |
March 1971-April 1972 |
|
Ferit Melen (NRP) |
April 1972 |
|
Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
(Independent) |
April-May 1972 |
|
Ferit Melen (NRP) |
May 1972-April 1973 |
|
Naim Talu (Independent) |
April 1973-January 1974 |
Fahri Korutürk
(1973-80) |
Bülent Ecevit (CHP) |
January-November 1974 |
|
Sadi Irmak (Independent) |
November 1974-March 1975 |
|
Süleyman Demirel (AP) |
March 1975-January 1978 |
|
Bülent Ecevit (CHP) |
January 1978-October 1979 |
|
Süleyman Demirel (AP) |
October 1979-September 1980 |
Kenan Evren
(1980-89) |
Bülent Ulusu (appointed) |
September 1980-December 1983 |
|
Turgut Özal (ANAP) |
December 1983-October 1989 |
|
Ali Bozer
6
(ANAP) |
October-November 1989 |
Turgut Özal
(1989-93) |
Yildirim Akbulut (ANAP) |
November 1989-June 1991 |
|
Mesut Yilmaz (ANAP) |
June-November 1991 |
|
Süleyman Demirel (DYP) |
November 1991-May 1993 |
|
Erdal Inönü |
May-June 1993 |
Süleyman Demirel
1993- |
Tansu Çiller (DYP) |
June 1993- |
Table 4. Population by Age-Group, 1980, 1990, and 2000 (in percentages)
Age-Group |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
0-14 |
39.2 |
34.8 |
31.8 |
15-64 |
56.1 |
61.2 |
62.6 |
Over 65 |
4.7 |
4.2 |
5.6 |
TOTAL |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Source: Based on information from The Dorling Kindersley World Reference Atlas, New York, 1994, 546
Table 5. Economically Active Population by Sector, Selected Years, 1970-93 (in thousands of workers over age fifteen)
Sector |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
1993 |
Agriculture, fishing, and forestry |
8,237 |
8,353 |
8,723 |
8,397 |
Construction |
665 |
895 |
973 |
1,141 |
Manufacturing |
1,343 |
2,057 |
2,553 |
2,693 |
Mining |
156 |
188 |
202 |
131 |
Trade and hotels |
886 |
1,429 |
2,093 |
2,338 |
Transportation and communications |
417 |
612 |
808 |
898 |
Other, including services |
1,330 |
2,168 |
3,012 |
3,104 |
Total civilian employment |
13,034 |
15,702 |
18,364 |
18,702 |
Unemployment |
871 |
1,376 |
1,590 |
1,530 |
Unemployment rate (in percentages) |
6.3 |
8.1 |
8.0 |
7.6 |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE |
13,905 |
17,078 |
19,954 |
20,232 |
Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 1995, Paris, 1995, 9.
Table 6. Summary of Consolidated Budget, 1988-93 (in billions of Turkish lira)
|
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax revenues |
14,232 |
25,550 |
45,399 |
78,643 |
141,602 |
264,273 |
Non-tax revenues |
3,355 |
5,819 |
11,174 |
18,104 |
32,622 |
87,119 |
Total revenues |
17,587 |
31,369 |
56,573 |
96,747 |
174,224 |
351,392 |
Expenditures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current expenditures |
7,460 |
16,660 |
33,452 |
60,403 |
114,221 |
204,829 |
Investments |
3,564 |
5,818 |
10,055 |
17,146 |
29,239 |
53,161 |
Transfers to SEEs |
1,025 |
1,223 |
1,265 |
12,191 |
8,145 |
25,850 |
Interest payments |
4,998 |
8,259 |
13,966 |
24,073 |
40,298 |
116,470 |
Other transfers |
4,420 |
6,911 |
9,789 |
16,450 |
29,755 |
89,939 |
Total expenditures |
21,447 |
38,871 |
68,527 |
130,263 |
221,658 |
485,249 |
Budget balance |
-3,860 |
-7,502 |
-11,954 |
-33,516 |
-47,434 |
-133,857 |
Deferred minus advanced payments |
-81 |
-639 |
-400 |
90 |
-12,005 |
7,754 |
Cash balance |
-3,941 |
-8,141 |
-12,354 |
-33,426 |
-59,439 |
-126,103 |
Long-term borrowing (net) |
2,609 |
5,578 |
7,983 |
4,200 |
19,446 |
51,197 |
Short-term borrowing (net) |
1,064 |
1,452 |
2,263 |
23,509 |
41,372 |
75,251 |
Other (including errors and omissions) |
268 |
1,111 |
2,108 |
5,717 |
-1,379 |
-345 |
Table 7. Production of Major Agricultural Commodities, 1987-92 (in thousands of tons)
Commodity |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
Cereals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wheat |
18,932 |
20,500 |
16,200 |
20,000 |
20,400 |
19,318 |
Barley |
6,900 |
7,500 |
4,500 |
7,300 |
7,800 |
6,900 |
Corn |
2,600 |
2,000 |
2,000 |
2,100 |
2,100 |
2,100 |
Rye |
385 |
280 |
191 |
240 |
250 |
225 |
Oats |
325 |
276 |
216 |
270 |
255 |
250 |
Rice |
165 |
158 |
181 |
230 |
200 |
215 |
Total cereals |
29,307 |
30,714 |
23,288 |
30,140 |
31,005 |
29,008 |
Industrial crops |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sugar beets |
12,717 |
11,534 |
10,929 |
13,986 |
15,097 |
14,800 |
Cotton (lint) |
537 |
657 |
565 |
655 |
539 |
605 |
Tobacco |
177 |
212 |
270 |
288 |
243 |
320 |
Total industrial crops |
13,431 |
12,403 |
11,764 |
14,929 |
15,879 |
15,725 |
Oilseeds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sunflower seed |
1,100 |
1,150 |
1,250 |
860 |
800 |
950 |
Cottonseed |
859 |
1,051 |
904 |
1,702 |
1,401 |
1,573 |
Sesame seed |
43 |
45 |
37 |
39 |
43 |
34 |
Total oilseeds |
2,002 |
2,246 |
2,191 |
2,601 |
2,244 |
2,557 |
Vegetables, fruits, and nuts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potatoes |
4,300 |
4,350 |
4,080 |
4,300 |
4,600 |
4,500 |
Grapes |
3,300 |
3,350 |
3,430 |
3,500 |
3,600 |
3,460 |
Oranges |
700 |
740 |
740 |
739 |
835 |
824 |
Olives |
600 |
1,100 |
500 |
1,100 |
640 |
750 |
Lemons |
340 |
360 |
335 |
357 |
429 |
420 |
Hazelnuts (in shell) |
280 |
353 |
456 |
375 |
315 |
520 |
Raisins |
105 |
129 |
138 |
135 |
130 |
120 |
Dried figs |
45 |
50 |
50 |
45 |
45 |
35 |
Olive oil |
100 |
90 |
72 |
110 |
96 |
n.a. |
Total vegetables,
fruits, and
nuts |
9,770 |
10,522 |
9,801 |
10,661 |
10,690 |
10,629 |
n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Turkey, 1994-95, London, 1994, 24.
Table 8. Energy Production, 1988-92 (in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)
|
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
Total coal (including
lignite) |
11,530 |
12,940 |
12,550 |
11,880 |
12,210 |
Crude petroleum |
2,564 |
2,876 |
3,720 |
4,537 |
4,584 |
Main petroleum products |
19,265 |
17,789 |
18,563 |
18,409 |
18,811 |
Electricity (in thousands of
kilowatt hours) |
48 |
52 |
58 |
58 |
67 |
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Turkey, 1994-1995, London, 1994, 28; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 1991-1992, Paris, 1994
, 170.
Table 9. Exports by Commodity, 1987-92 (in millions of United States dollars)
|
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
Agricultural products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cereals |
266 |
441 |
315 |
342 |
287 |
419 |
Hazelnuts |
391 |
359 |
266 |
456 |
366 |
291 |
Other fruits and
vegetables |
409 |
508 |
523 |
612 |
721 |
692 |
Cotton |
20 |
141 |
160 |
191 |
193 |
46 |
Tobacco |
314 |
266 |
480 |
419 |
564 |
309 |
Other industral crops and forestry products |
97 |
289 |
53 |
57 |
284 |
268 |
Live animals and sea products |
356 |
337 |
330 |
272 |
268 |
178 |
Total agricultural
products |
1,853 |
2,341 |
2,127 |
2,349 |
2,683 |
2,203 |
Mineral products |
272 |
377 |
413 |
331 |
286 |
265 |
Processed and manufactured products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Processed agricultural products |
954 |
885 |
918 |
940 |
1,212 |
1,337 |
Textiles and clothing |
2,707 |
3,201 |
3,505 |
4,060 |
4,328 |
5,268 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hides and leather |
722 |
514 |
604 |
747 |
620 |
568 |
Chemicals |
527 |
734 |
774 |
616 |
464 |
491 |
Petroleum products |
232 |
331 |
254 |
287 |
277 |
231 |
Glass and ceramics |
205 |
233 |
258 |
329 |
359 |
395 |
Iron and steel |
852 |
1,458 |
1,349 |
1,612 |
1,452 |
1,558 |
Metal products and
machinery |
788 |
383 |
219 |
230 |
265 |
398 |
Electrical equipment and products |
293 |
294 |
234 |
438 |
533 |
591 |
Other |
785 |
911 |
972 |
1,020 |
1,119 |
1,410 |
Total processed
and manufactured
products |
8,065 |
8,944 |
9,087 |
10,279 |
10,629 |
12,247 |
TOTAL |
10,190 |
11,662 |
11,627 |
12,959 |
13,598 |
14,715 |
Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 1995, Paris, 1995, 96; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Turkey, 1994-95, London, 1994, 43.
Table 10. Imports by Commodity, 1987-92 (in millions of United States dollars)
Commodity |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
Agricultural products and livestock |
782 |
499 |
1,041 |
1,323 |
813 |
1,184 |
Mineral products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crude oil |
2,711 |
2,434 |
2,456 |
3,817 |
2,794 |
2,894 |
Oil products |
245 |
343 |
522 |
805 |
962 |
865 |
Total oil |
2,956 |
2,777 |
2,980 |
4,622 |
3,756 |
3,759 |
Other |
444 |
427 |
448 |
172 |
198 |
161 |
Total mineral products |
3,400 |
3,204 |
3,426 |
4,794 |
3,954 |
3,920 |
Processed and manufactured products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Processed agricultural products |
720 |
738 |
843 |
1,162 |
989 |
935 |
Manufactured products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chemicals |
1,685 |
1,781 |
1,710 |
2,451 |
2,463 |
2,624 |
Rubber and plastics |
488 |
525 |
485 |
807 |
848 |
986 |
Iron and steel |
1,537 |
1,655 |
2,217 |
1,932 |
2,009 |
2,118 |
Non ferrous metals |
418 |
412 |
421 |
537 |
452 |
426 |
Electrical appliances |
940 |
1,075 |
1,028 |
1,580 |
1,877 |
1,762 |
Motor vehicles |
540 |
690 |
790 |
1,590 |
1,540 |
2,221 |
Other machinery |
974 |
635 |
370 |
585 |
342 |
61 |
Other industrial products |
2,799 |
3,121 |
3,461 |
5,541 |
5,760 |
6,635 |
Total manufactured prod- ucts |
9,381 |
9,894 |
10,482 |
15,023 |
15,291 |
16,833 |
Total processed and manufactured prod-ucts |
10,101 |
10,632 |
11,325 |
16,185 |
16,280 |
17,768 |
TOTAL |
14,283 |
14,335 |
15,792 |
22,302 |
21,047 |
22,872 |
Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 1995, Paris, 1995, 97; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Turkey, 1994-95, London, 1994, 44.
Table 11. Major Trading Partners, 1988-95
Country |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
EXPORTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EU countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Britain |
576 |
616 |
744 |
676 |
796 |
835 |
France |
499 |
595 |
737 |
689 |
809 |
771 |
Germany |
2,178 |
2,196 |
3,076 |
3,413 |
3,660 |
3,654 |
Italy |
955 |
978 |
1,106 |
972 |
943 |
750 |
Other |
920 |
1,047 |
1,241 |
1,292 |
1,393 |
1,283 |
Total EU |
5,128 |
5,432 |
6,904 |
7,042 |
7,601 |
7,293 |
Japan |
209 |
233 |
239 |
226 |
162 |
158 |
Switzerland |
265 |
174 |
293 |
246 |
223 |
216 |
United States |
761 |
971 |
968 |
913 |
865 |
986 |
Other OECD |
374 |
391 |
417 |
430 |
496 |
420 |
Total OECD |
6,737 |
7,201 |
8,821 |
8,857 |
9,346 |
9,072 |
Central and East European countries |
520 |
923 |
829 |
1,053 |
1,217 |
1,670 |
Middle East and North Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iran |
546 |
561 |
495 |
487 |
455 |
290 |
Iraq |
986 |
445 |
215 |
122 |
212 |
160 |
Other |
1,924 |
1,798 |
1,742 |
2,085 |
2,096 |
2,293 |
Total Middle East and North Africa |
3,456 |
2,804 |
2,452 |
2,694 |
2,763 |
2,743 |
Other |
949 |
699 |
855 |
989 |
1,388 |
1,863 |
TOTAL EXPORTS |
11,662 |
11,627 |
12,957 |
13,593 |
14,715 |
15,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IMPORTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EU countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Britain |
739 |
728 |
1,014 |
1,166 |
1,187 |
1,546 |
France |
829 |
745 |
1,340 |
1,227 |
1,351 |
1,952 |
Germany |
2,067 |
2,225 |
3,523 |
3,232 |
3,754 |
4,533 |
Italy |
1,006 |
1,071 |
1,727 |
1,845 |
1,919 |
2,558 |
Other |
1,267 |
1,307 |
1,750 |
1,753 |
1,838 |
2,361 |
Total EU |
5,908 |
6,076 |
9,354 |
9,223 |
10,049 |
12,950 |
Japan |
555 |
530 |
1,120 |
1,092 |
1,113 |
1,621 |
Switzerland |
344 |
412 |
537 |
489 |
688 |
651 |
United States |
1,520 |
2,094 |
2,282 |
2,255 |
2,601 |
3,351 |
Other OECD |
924 |
822 |
958 |
1,013 |
972 |
1,402 |
Total OECD |
9,251 |
9,934 |
14,251 |
14,072 |
15,423 |
19,975 |
Central and East European coutnries |
857 |
1,124 |
1,947 |
1,875 |
2,094 |
3,253 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East and North Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iran |
660 |
233 |
492 |
91 |
365 |
667 |
Iraq |
1,441 |
1,650 |
1,047 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
Other |
740 |
947 |
2,120 |
2,890 |
2,872 |
2,573 |
Total Middle East and North Africa |
2,841 |
2,830 |
3,659 |
2,981 |
3,238 |
3,240 |
Other |
1,391 |
1,902 |
2,445 |
2,119 |
2,116 |
2,961 |
TOTAL IMPORTS |
14,340 |
15,790 |
22,302 |
21,047 |
22,871 |
29,429 |
Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-opearation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 1995, Paris, 1995, 99.
Table 12. Summary of Balance of Payments, Selected Years, 1985-93 (in millions of United States dollars)
|
1985 |
1987 |
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
Exports (f.o.b.) |
8,255 |
10,322 |
11,780 |
13,667 |
15,610 |
Imports (f.o.b.) |
-11,230 |
-13,551 |
15,999 |
21,007 |
29,772 |
Trade balance |
-2,975 |
-3,229 |
-4,219 |
-7,340 |
-14,162 |
Services |
22 |
33 |
1,622 |
2,499 |
4,014 |
Private transfers (net) |
1,762 |
2,066 |
3,135 |
2,854 |
3,085 |
Official transfers (net) |
222 |
324 |
423 |
2,245 |
73 |
Current account balance |
-969 |
-806 |
961 |
258 |
-6,990 |
Private long-term capital (net) |
856 |
1,388 |
2,456 |
1,562 |
6,839 |
Official long-term capital (net) |
-594 |
453 |
-1,092 |
-939 |
-930 |
Capital account balance |
262 |
1,841 |
1,364 |
623 |
5,909 |
Balance of payments |
-707 |
1,035 |
2,325 |
881 |
1,081 |
Change in reserves |
-361 |
137 |
2,471 |
-1,197 |
308 |
Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 1995, Paris, 1995, 100.
Table 13. Major Army Equipment, 1994
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
In Inventory |
Tanks |
|
|
Leopard |
Germany |
397 |
M-48 |
United States |
3,004 |
M-60 |
-do- |
932 |
Armored vehicles |
|
|
Infantry fighting vehicles |
Turkey/United States |
65 |
Armored personnel carriers |
|
|
M-113 |
United States |
2,815 |
IAPC |
United States/Turkey |
125 |
BTR 60 |
Russia |
300 |
AWC |
Turkey |
345 |
Self-propelled guns and howitzers |
|
|
105mm: M-52A1 and M-108 |
United States |
389 |
155mm: M-44 |
-do- |
168 |
175mm: M-107 |
-do- |
36 |
203mm: M-55 and M-110 |
-do- |
228 |
Towed artillery |
|
|
105mm: M-101A1 and others |
-do- |
640 |
150mm: Skoda |
Czechoslovakia |
161 |
155mm: M-114A1 and M-59 |
United States |
613 |
203mm: M-115 |
-do- |
162 |
Mortars |
|
|
107mm: M-30, some self-propelled |
-do- |
1,265 |
120mm: various |
United States/Germany/France |
578 |
81mm: various, including self-propelled |
-do- |
3,175 |
Multiple rocket launchers |
|
|
227mm: MLRS |
United States/Turkey |
12 |
107mm |
United States |
23 |
Antitank guided weapons |
|
|
Milan |
France |
392 |
Cobra |
Germany |
186 |
TOW self-propelled |
United States |
365 |
Helicopters |
|
|
Cobra AH-1W/P |
-do- |
38 |
S-70A Sikorsky |
United States |
8 |
AB-204 Agusta Bell |
Italy |
14 |
AB-205 Agusta Bell |
-do- |
64 |
AB-212 Agusta Bell |
-do- |
2 |
UH-1H Iroquois |
United States |
96 |
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-1995, London, 1994, 66-67
Table 14. Major Air Force Equipment, 1994
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
In Inventory |
Fighter-bombers and fighter-ground attack |
|
|
F-16C/D |
United States/Turkey |
138 |
F-5A/B |
United States |
195 |
F-4E |
-do- |
152 |
F-104G |
Various NATO |
24 |
Reconnaissance (armed) |
|
|
RF-5A |
United States |
20 |
RF-4E |
-do- |
26 |
Transports |
|
|
C-130E Hercules |
-do- |
13 |
C-160D Transall |
Germany |
19 |
CN-235 |
Spain/Turkey |
52 |
Helicopters |
|
|
UH-1H Blackhawk utility |
United States |
21 |
Surface-to-air missile launchers |
|
|
Nike-Hercules |
-do- |
128 |
Rapier |
Britain |
24 |
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-1995, London, 1994, 68.
Table 15. Major Naval Equipment, 1994
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
In Inventory |
Destroyers |
|
|
Gearing-class |
United States |
8 |
Carpenter-class |
-do- |
2 |
Sumner-class |
-do- |
1 |
Frigates |
|
|
MEKO-200 with Sub Harpoon SSM |
Germany |
4 |
MEKO-200 |
Turkey |
4
(on order) |
Berk-class |
-do- |
2 |
Koln-class |
Germany |
2 |
Knox-class with Sub Harpoon SSM |
United States |
8 |
Submarines |
|
|
Guppy-class |
-do- |
7 |
Type-209/1200 |
Germany/Turkey |
6 |
Type-209/1400 |
Turkey |
2 |
Tang-class |
United States |
2 |
Fast-attack craft |
|
|
Dogan-class (Lurssen 57) with Harpoon SSM |
Germany/Turkey |
8 |
Kartal-class (Jaguar) with Penguin SSM |
Germany |
8 |
Yildiz-class |
Turkey |
2
(on order) |
Patrol craft |
|
|
Coastal and inshore |
United States/Germany/Turkey |
29 |
Minelayers |
United States/Denmark |
3 |
Minesweepers |
United States/France/Canada |
26 |
Amphibious |
|
|
Landing ships, tank |
United States/Turkey |
7 |
Landing craft, tank |
Turkey |
35 |
Landing craft, utility |
-do- |
2 |
Landing craft, mechanized |
-do- |
22 |
Naval Aviation |
|
|
Agusta-Bell AB-212 ASW shipborne helicopters |
Italy |
14 |
Grumman ST-2E Tracker ASW search |
United States |
14 |
Source: Based on information from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1994-95, London, 1994, 704-22.
1.Date of beginning of reign is approximate.
2.The period 1403-13, during which the sons of Bayezid I contested succession to the sultanate, is cited as an interregnum by many sources. Other sources date the beginning of the reign of Mehmet I from 1403.
3.Süleyman II in some sources.
4.Süleyman III in some sources.
5.Sultanate abolished 1922; Abdülmecid II (brother of Mehmet VI) remained as caliph 1922-24.
6.President of the Grand National Assembly.
7.CHP--Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (Republican People's Party).
8.DP--Demokrat Partisi (Democrat Party).
9.Interim government under Committee of National Unity.
10.AP--Adalet Partisi (Justice Party).
11.Acting prime minister.
12.NRP--National Reliance Party.
13.Evren functioned as head of the National Security Council, or de facto chief of state, from September 1980 to November 1982.
14.ANAP--Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party).
15.DYP--Dogru Yol Partisi (True Path Party).
16.Caretaker prime minister.
17.Projected.
18.Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.
19.For value of the Turkish lira--see Glossary.
20.SEEs--State Economic Enterprises.
Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmnent, OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 1995, Paris, 1995, 105.
21.C.I.F.--Cost, insurance, and freight.
22.OECD--Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
23.EU--European Union.
24f.o.b.--free on board.
|