|
Year |
Reform |
|
1922 |
Sultanate abolished (November 1). |
|
1923 |
Treaty of Lausanne secured (July 24).
Republic of Turkey with capital at Ankara proclaimed (October 29). |
|
1924 |
Caliphate abolished (March 3).
Traditional religious schools closed, seriat
abolished. Constitution adopted (April 20). |
|
1925 |
Dervish brotherhoods abolished.
Fez outlawed by the Hat Law (November 25). Veiling of women discouraged; Western clothing for men and women encouraged.
Western (Gregorian) calendar adopted. |
|
1926 |
New civil, commercial, and penal codes based on European models adopted. New civil code ended Islamic polygamy and divorce by renunciation and introduced civil marriage.
Millet
system ended. |
|
1927 |
First systematic census. |
|
1928 |
New Turkish alphabet (modified Latin form) adopted. State declared secular (April 10); constitutional provision establishing Islam as official religion deleted. |
|
1933 |
Islamic call to worship and public readings of the Kuran (Quran) required to be in Turkish rather than Arabic. |
|
1934 |
Women given the vote and the right to hold office.
Law of Surnames adopted--Mustafa Kemal given the name Kemal Atatürk (Father Turk) by the Grand National Assembly; Ismet Pasha took surname of Inönü. |
|
1935 |
Sunday adopted as legal weekly holiday.
State role in managing economy written into the constitution.
|
