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Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, British And Irish History, Biographies
Related Category: British And Irish History, Biographies
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There were no decisive victories in the civil war until Charles was defeated at Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645). In 1646 he gave himself up to the Scottish army, which delivered him to Parliament. He was ultimately taken over by the English army leaders, who were now highly suspicious of Parliament. He escaped (Nov., 1647) to Carisbrooke, on the Isle of Wight, where he concluded an alliance with the discontented Scots, which led to the second civil war (1648) and another royalist defeat. Parliament, now reduced in number by Pride's Purge (see under Pride, Thomas) and controlled by Charles's most powerful enemies, established a special high court of justice (see regicides), which tried Charles and convicted him of treason for levying war against Parliament. He was beheaded on Jan. 30, 1649. To the royalists he became the martyred king and author of the Eikon Basilike. By his opponents he was considered a double-dealing tyrant.
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Topics
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• Bishops' Wars
• Bristol, John Digby, 1st earl of
• Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st duke of
• Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland
• Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of
• Covenanters
• Oliver Cromwell
• Eikon Basilike
• England, Church of
• English civil war
• Essex, Robert Devereux, 3d earl of
• Great Britain
• John Hampden
• Henrietta Maria
• James I, king of England
• William Laud
• Montrose, James Graham, 5th earl and 1st marquess of
• Newcastle upon Tyne
• Petition of Right
• Thomas Pride
• John Pym
• regicides
• Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st earl of
• Stuart, British royal family
• Sir Henry Vane, 1613–62, English statesman
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