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William Alfred Fowler 1911–95, American nuclear astrophysicist, b. Pittsburgh. While a professor at the California Institute of Technology, Fowler studied how chemical elements are formed in nuclear reactions, especially in the evolution of stars. For his work in this area he shared the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Fowler also studied the radio emissions of quasars and the functioning of subatomic particles such as neutrinos.
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