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Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy. The sovereign (the Yang di-Pertuan Agong) is elected every five years by and from the nine hereditary rulers of Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor. The prime minister must be a member and have the confidence of the house of representatives (Dewan Ra'ayat). The cabinet is chosen by the prime minister with the consent of the sovereign. The parliament has two chambers. The house consists of 192 members, all elected by popular vote in single-member districts. The house sits for a maximum of five years but may be dissolved by the sovereign. The senate (Dewan Negara) consists of 69 members chosen for six-year terms; each state legislature elects two and the sovereign appoints the remaining 43. There is a high court for each half of Malaysia and a supreme court.
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