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New School for Social Research, in New York City; coeducational; chartered and opened 1919 as a center for adult education. Emphasis is given to adult classes, particularly noncredit and highly specialized courses in social sciences, languages, and the arts, but a number of degree and certificate programs are offered. In 1933 the University in Exile was established for scholars fleeing totalitarianism in Europe; this became (1934) the graduate faculty of political and social science, the first degree-granting division of the university. The New School Bachelor of Arts program for continuing students was established in 1944. Other schools and colleges include the four-year Eugene Lang College, Parsons School of Design (est. 1896, merged with the New School 1970), the Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy, and the Mannes College of Music (est. 1916, merged 1989).
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