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The Spanish civil war (1936–39) truncated the cultural evolution of the country. Many writers went into exile. Salinas, GuillEn, Juan Larrea, and others distinguished themselves abroad. Among the novelists to emerge after the Spanish civil war were Nobel Prize winner Camilo JosE Cela, Carman Laforet, and JosE MarIa Gironella. Salvador de Madariaga became known as a biographer and historian. In the 1950s and 60s a gradual return to political and literary normality was noticeable.
Writers whose literary reputations have been established since World War II include the novelists Max Aub, Miguel Delibes, Juan Goytisolo, Ana MarIa Matute, Rafael SAnchez Ferlosio, LuIs MartIn-Santos, and Gonzalo Torrente-Ballester; the poets Manuel Altoaguirre and Gerardo Diego; and the playwrights Antonia Buero Vallejo, Alejandro Casona, and Alfonso Sastre.
Reflecting Western European developments, post-Franco Spanish writing has been marked by a great deal of formal experimentation. Among the important novelists are Juan Benet, Carmen-MartIn-Gaite, Eduardo Mendonza, Soledad PuErtolas, Carmen Riera, and Ana Maria Moix. Dramatists include FErnando Arrabel, Antonio Gala, FermIn Cabal, and Alonso de Santos. Among the poets are Ana Rossetti, Antonio Carvajal, Guillermo Carnero, Jaime Silas, and Antonio de Villena.
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