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solid waste, discarded materials other than fluids. In the United States in 1996, nearly 210 million tons : about 4.3 lb. (2 kg) per person daily (up from 2.7 lb./1.2 kg in 1960) : were collected and disposed of by municipalities. In that year, municipal garbage included 12.4 million tons of glass and about 80 million tons of paper and paperboard (by far the largest constituent); in addition enormous tonnages of food residues, yard trimmings, textiles, plastics, and sludge formed in sewage treatment were produced. Although the amount of the increase has been slowed somewhat by recycling and composting programs and improvements in packaging, the amount of solid waste continues to increase annually. Moreover, the most common disposal methods pollute land, water, or air to some degree (see pollution). Management of solid waste therefore presents an increasingly acute problem.
See also environmentalism; radioactive waste.
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