WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Bonasa umbellus | Ruffed Grouse 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
The ruffed grouse is found from central Alaska across Canada to the
eastern seaboard and south into the New England states through the
Carolinas to the northern border of Georgia [1].  Isolated populations
exist in Missouri.  In the West, ruffed grouse extend from Canada into
the Rocky Mountains through central Utah and along the Pacific Coast
into extreme northern California, with isolated populations in the
Dakotas [32].  Ruffed grouse have been introduced into Iowa,
Newfoundland, and the Ruby Mountains of Nevada [1,32].  Distributions of
the subspecies are listed below [32]:

 (1)  B. u. ssp. umbellus - from Connecticut south through southern
                          New York, Rhode Island, New Jersey,
                          Massachusetts, and eastern Pennsylvania
 (2)  B. u. spp. mediana - from central Minnesota through Wisconsin
                         and Michigan, northwestern illinois, and
                         isolated areas of Indiana and Missouri
 (3)  B. u. spp. togata - from northern Minnesota across Wisconsin,
                        Michigan, southern Ontario and Quebec, into
                        the New England states to southern New York
 (4)  B. u. spp. monticola - southeastern Michigan and southern
                           Quebec, and from Pennsylvania south
                           through Ohio, Maryland, the Virginias,
                           Carolinas, Kentucky, and Tennessee;
                           isolated area of Missouri
 (5)  B. u. spp. umbelloides - across Canada from coast to coast, into
                             western Montana, eastern Idaho, and
                             northwestern Wyoming
 (6)  B. u. spp. incana - southeastern Idaho into central Utah and
                        western Colorado; isolated areas of the
                        Dakotas; southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan
 (7)  B. u. spp. phaia - from the Idaho Panhandle south through central
                       Idaho and into northeastern Oregon
 (8)  B. u. spp. yukonensis - central Alaska across the Yukon Territory
                            into the Northwest Territories and the 
                            northernmost parts of Alberta and
                            Saskatchewan
 (9)  B. u. spp. affinis - southern British Columbia into eastern 
                         Washington and northeastern Oregon
(10)  B. u. spp. sabini - from the southwesternmost tip of southern
                         British Columbia through just east of coastal
                         Washington and Oregon into extreme northwestern
                         California
(11)  B. u. spp. brunnescens - Vancouver Island and adjacent coastal
                              British Columbia
(12)  B. u. spp. castanea - Olympic Peninsula and coastal Oregon
 

ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES10 White-red-jack pine
FRES11 Spruce-fir
FRES14 Oak-pine
FRES15 Oak-hickory
FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood
FRES18 Maple-beech-birch
FRES19 Aspen-birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES25 Larch
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES36 Mountain grasslands


STATES : 


    
AK
	
CA
    
CO
    
CT
    
DE
    
FL
    
GA
	
ID


	
IL
    
IN
    
IA
    
KY
    
ME
    
MD
	
MA
    
MI


    
MN
    
MS
    
MO
    
MT
    
NE
    
NV
    
NH
    
NJ


    
NY
    
NC
    
ND
    
OH
    
OK
    
OR
    
PA
    
RI
    
SC


    
SD
    
TN
    
UT
    
VT
    
VA
    
WA
    
WV
    
WI
    
WY






    
AB
    
BC
    
MB
    
NB
    
NF
    
NT
    
NS
    
ON
    
PE
    
PQ






    
MEXICO
    





BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   15  Black Hills Uplift


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K037  Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
   K051  Wheatgrass - bluegrass
   K081  Oak savanna
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K099  Maple - basswood forest
   K100  Oak - hickory forest
   K101  Elm - ash forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K103  Mixed mesophytic forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
   K109  Transition between K104 and K106
   K110  Northeastern oak - pine forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    14  Northern pin oak
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    19  Grey birch - red maple
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21  Eastern white pine
    22  White pine - hemlock
    23  Eastern hemlock
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26  Sugar maple - basswood
    27  Sugar maple
    28  Black cherry - maple
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white cedar
    38  Tamarack
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
    43  Bear oak
    44  Chestnut oak
    45  Pitch pine
    46  Eastern redcedar
    51  White pine - chestnut oak
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    55  Northern red oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
    61  River birch - sycamore
    62  Silver maple - American elm
    63  Cottonwood
    64  Sassafras - persimmon
    75  Shortleaf pine
    76  Shortleaf pine - oak
    78  Virginia pine - oak
    79  Virginia pine
    93  Sugarberry - American elm - green ash
    94  Sycamore - sweetgum - American elm
    95  Black willow
   107  White spruce
   108  Red maple
   110  Black oak
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce 
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   210  Interior Douglas- fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   217  Aspen 
   218  Lodgepole pine
   251  White spruce - aspen
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce - paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Ruffed grouse inhabit a variety of plant communities across its
transcontinental distribution.  However, they seem to have higher
survival rates in mixed hardwood and mixed hardwood/conifer forests than
in pure conifer forests [3].  In several publications, Gullion
[16,17,18,19,20,21] has described the importance of big-toothed and
quaking aspen (Populus grandidentata, P. tremuloides) to ruffed grouse.
Other plant communities include mixed conifer forests of spruce (Picea
spp.), hemlock (Tsuga spp.), fir (Abies spp.), pine (Pinus spp.), and
larch (Larix spp.) in the West [9,24].  In the East, plant communities
include oak (Quercus spp.), hickory (Carya spp.), maple (Acer spp.),
cottonwood (Populus spp.), sycamore (Platanus spp.), willow (Salix
spp.), and pine [10,14,22].


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Bonasa umbellus | Ruffed Grouse