WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Cygnus buccinator | Trumpeter Swan 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Trumpeter swans were once abundant and widespread in North America.
Their breeding range extended from Alaska east to Ontario and south to
Oregon, the Rocky Mountains, Nebraska, and northern Missouri [20]. Now
only two major populations remain [4,17,20].  The Pacific population
breeds in Alaska and British Columbia, and winters along the Pacific
Coast from Alaska to northern Oregon [20,23].  The mid-continental
population nests in Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest
Territories, Saskatchewan, and the Greater Yellowstone region [20,23].
Overhunting of trumpeter swans destroyed most of their traditional
migration patterns to southerly winter habitats.  As a result, virtually
all mid-continental trumpeter swans, regardless of their summer range,
now winter in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem [23].

Trumpeter swans have been transplanted from Red Rock Lakes National
Wildlife Refuge, Montana, to several other National Wildlife Refuges
(NWR):  Malheur NWR in Oregon, Ruby Lake NWR in Nevada, Lacreek NWR in
South Dakota, and Turnbull NWR in Washington.  A small number of
breeding swans occur on all four refuges [4].  In Canada, attempts are
underway to reintroduce trumpeter swans in southern Ontario and in Elk
Island National Park [2].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie


STATES : 


    
AK
    
ID
    
MT
    
NV
    
OR
    
SD
    
WA
    
WY
 

    
AB
    
BC
    
NT
    
YK
    

    

    

    

    

    







    
MEXICO
    




BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass


SAF COVER TYPES : 
   204  Black spruce
   205  Mountain hemlock
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   226  Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228  Western redcedar
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce -  paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Trumpeter swans are generally found in wetland areas among aquatic and
emergent vegetation.  In Montana, they commonly build their nests in
extensive beds of sedges (Carex spp.), bulrushes (Scirpus spp.),
cattails (Typha spp.), and reeds (Juncus spp.).  In Alaska, they use
horsetails (Equisetum spp.) and sedges for nesting [4,10].  Plants found
in most trumpeter swan habitats include willow (Salix spp.), alder
(Alnus spp.), cottonwood (Populus spp.), water milfoil (Myriophyllum
exalbescens), arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), and pondweed
(Potamogeton spp.) [3,10].


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Cygnus buccinator | Trumpeter Swan