WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Antilocapra americana | Pronghorn Antelope 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Pronghorn occur from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan south to northern
Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico; west to eastern Oregon and notheastern
California; and east to mid-state regions of North Dakota, South Dakota,
and Texas.  There are small, contiguous populations in extreme western
Oklahoma and Nebraska [67] and small, isolated populations in Kansas
and Baja California [76].

Distribution by subspecies is [44,76]:

        American pronghorn - western mountain, Great Basin, and prairie
                             states; most abundant subspecies
        Oregon pronghorn - contiguous in sagebrush steppe of eastern
                           Oregon, southwestern Idaho, northeastern
                           California, and northern Nevada; isolated
                           populations in eastern Washington
        Mexican pronghorn - southern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and
                            central Mexico
        peninsula pronghorn - isolated populations in Baja California;
                              original range included southern California
        Sonoran pronghorn - extreme southern Arizona and west-central Mexico

Historically, pronghorn range extended further north in Alberta and
Saskatchewan; west through most of California and all of Baja
California; east to western Minnesota and Iowa; and south through
east-central Texas to San Luis Potosi in Mexico [76].  Warm desert
populations have declined greatly from historic size and range.
Pronghorn from the United States have been introduced in all Mexican
Chihuahuan Desert states from the international boarder south to San
Luis Potosi.  The largest pronghorn populations are first, in Wyoming,
and secondly, Montana [57,76].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES31 Shinnery
FRES32 Texas savanna
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES35 Pinyon-juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES40 Desert grasslands


STATES : 


  	
AZ
    
CA
    
CO
    
ID
    
KS
    
MT
    
NE
    
NV
 


    
ND
    
OK
    
SD
    
TX
    
UT
    
WA
    
WY






    
AB
    
SK
 





    
MEXICO
    




BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K023  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K027  Mesquite bosque
   K031  Oak-juniper woodlands
   K038  Great Basin sagebrush
   K039  Blackbrush
   K040  Saltbush-greasewood
   K041  Creosotebush
   K042  Creosotebush-bursage
   K043  Paloverde-cactus shrub
   K044  Creosotebush-tarbush
   K045  Ceniza shrub
   K050  Fescue-wheatgrass
   K051  Wheatgrass-bluegrass
   K053  Grama-galleta steppe
   K054  Grama-tobosa prairie
   K055  Sagebrush steppe
   K056  Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
   K057  Galleta-three-awn shrubsteppe
   K058  Grama-tobosa shrubsteppe
   K059  Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
   K060  Mesquite savanna
   K061  Mesquite-acacia savanna
   K062  Mesquite-live oak savanna
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass
   K065  Grama-buffalograss
   K066  Wheatgrass-needlegrass
   K067  Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
   K068  Wheatgrass-grama-buffalograss
   K069  Bluestem-grama prairie
   K071  Shinnery
   K075  Nebraska Sandhills prairie
   K085  Mesquite-buffalograss
   K086  Juniper-oak savanna
   K087  Mesquite-oak savanna


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    66  Ashe juniper-redberry (Pinchot) juniper
    67  Mohrs (shin) oak
    68  Mesquite
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   238  Western juniper
   239  Pinyon-juniper
   240  Arizona cypress
   241  Western live oak
   242  Mesquite


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
   101  Bluebunch wheatgrass
   102  Idaho fescue
   103  Green fescue
   104  Antelope bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   105  Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   106  Bluegrass scabland
   107  Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass
   210  Bitterbrush
   211  Creosotebush scrub
   212  Blackbush
   301  Bluebunch wheatgrass-blue grama
   302  Bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg bluegrass
   303  Bluebunch wheatgrass-western wheatgrass
   304  Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   305  Idaho fescue-Richardson needlegrass
   306  Idaho fescue-slender wheatgrass
   307  Idaho fescue-threadleaf sedge
   309  Idaho fescue-western wheatgrass
   310  Needle-and-thread-blue grama
   311  Rough fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   312  Rough fescue-Idaho fescue
   314  Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   315  Big sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   316  Big sagebrush-rough fescue
   317  Bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   318  Bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   319  Bitterbrush-rough fescue
   320  Black sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   321  Black sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   323  Shrubby cinquefoil-rough fescue
   401  Basin big sagebrush
   402  Mountain big sagebrush
   405  Black sagebrush
   406  Low sagebrush
   407  Stiff sagebrush
   408  Other sagebrush types
   412  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   414  Salt desert shrub
   501  Saltbush-greasewood
   502  Grama-galleta
   504  Juniper-pinyon pine woodland
   505  Grama-tobosa shrub
   506  Creosotebush-bursage
   507  Palo verde-cactus
   508  Creosotebush-tarbush
   602  Bluestem-prairie sandreed
   603  Prairie sandreed-needlegrass
   605  Sandsage prairie
   606  Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
   607  Wheatgrass-needlegrass
   608  Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass
   609  Wheatgrass-grama
   610  Wheatgrass
   611  Blue grama-buffalograss
   612  Sagebrush-grass
   613  Fescue grassland
   614  Crested wheatgrass
   615  Wheatgrass-saltgrass-grama
   701  Alkali sacaton-tobosagrass
   702  Black grama-alkali sacaton
   703  Black grama-sideoats grama
   704  Blue grama-western wheatgrass
   705  Blue grama-galleta
   706  Blue grama-sideoats grama
   707  Blue grama-sideoats grama-black grama
   708  Bluestem-dropseed
   709  Bluestem-grama
   712  Galleta-alkali sacaton
   713  Grama-muhly-threeawn
   714  Grama-bluestem
   715  Grama-buffalograss
   716  Grama-feathergrass
   717  Little bluestem-Indiangrass-Texas wintergrass
   718  Mesquite-grama
   719  Mesquite-liveoak-seacoast bluestem
   721  Sand bluestem-little bluestem (plains)
   722  Sand sagebrush-mixed prairie
   724  Sideoats grama-New Mexico feathergrass-winterfat
   725  Vine mesquite-alkali sacaton
   727  Mesquite-buffalograss
   728  Mesquite-granjeno-acacia
   729  Mesquite
   730  Sand shinnery oak


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Pronghorn primarily occur in grasslands and open shrub-grasslands.  In
1964, 62 percent of pronghorn were associated with grasslands*; 37
percent with shrub-grasslands**; and 1 percent with deserts [78].  Pronghorn
occasionally use quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) parklands [13] and
large montane meadows [17].

*41% of the grasslands was shortgrass prairie and 21% was mixed-grass
  prairie 
**33% of the shrub-grassland was sagebrush [Artemisia spp.]-grassland;
  3% was woodland-galleta [Hilaria spp.] grassland; and 1% was mesquite-grama
  [Prosopis-Bouteloua spp.] grassland


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Antilocapra americana | Pronghorn Antelope