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REFERENCES

WILDLIFE SPECIES: Bison bison | Bison
REFERENCES : 1. Alexander, Martin E.; Dube, Dennis E. 1983. Fire management in wilderness areas, parks, and other nature reserves. In: Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds. The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Scope 18. New York: John Wiley & Sons: 273-297. [18711] 2. Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press. 438 p. [21084] 3. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 4. Bock, J. H. 1987. Fire as an evolutionary force in North American grasslands. American Journal of Botany. 74(5): 661. [Abstract]. [24524] 5. Bock, Jane H.; Bock, Carl E. [n.d.]. Some effects of fire on vegetation and wildlife in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Black Hills. Final Report. Contracts CX-1200-9-B034, CX-1200-0-B018, CX-1200-1-B022; Grant No. RM-80-105 GR. Unpublished report on file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Lab, Missoula, MT. 58 p. [479] 6. Bone, Steven D.; Klukas, Richard W. 1990. Prescribed fire in Wind Cave National Park. In: Alexander, M. E.; Bisgrove, G. F., technical coordinators. The art and science of fire management: Proceedings, 1st Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop; 1988 October 24-27; Kananaskis Village, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre: 297-302. [14145] 7. Boyce, Mark S.; Merrill, Evelyn H. 1991. Effects of the 1988 fires on ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. In: Proceedings, 17th Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1989 May 18-21; Tallahassee, FL. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 121-132. [17604] 8. Boyd, Raymond J.; Cooperrider, Allen Y.; Lent, Peter C.; Bailey, James A. 1986. Ungulates. In: Cooperrider, Allen Y.; Boyd, Raymond J.; Stuart, Hanson R., eds. Inventory and monitoring of wildlife habitat. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center: 519-564. [10856] 9. Campbell, Bruce H.; Hinkes, Mike. 1983. Winter diets and habitat use of Alaska bison after wildfire. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 11(1): 16-21. [8389] 10. Carbyn, L. N. 1987. Responses of bison on their calving grounds to predation by wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 65: 2072-2078. [24527] 11. Chapman, Joseph A.; Feldhamer, George A., eds. 1982. Wild mammals of North America. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1147 p. [21085] 12. Cid, M. Silvia; Detling, James K.; Whicker, April D.; Brizuela, Miguel A. 1991. Vegetation responses of a mixed-grass prairie site following exclusion of prairie dogs and bison. Journal of Range Management. 44(2): 100-104. [14133] 13. Cole, James E. 1954. Buffalo (Bison bison) killed by fire. Journal of Mammalogy. 35(3): 453-454. [16152] 14. Collins, Scott L.; Barber, Susan C. 1985. Effects of disturbance on diversity in mixed-grass prairie. Vegetatio. 64: 87-94. [2707] 15. Collins, Scott L.; Gibson, David J. 1990. Effects of fire on community structure in tallgrass and mixed-grass prairie. In: Collins, Scott L.; Wallace, Linda L., eds. Fire in North American tallgrass prairies. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press: 81-98. [14196] 16. Collins, Scott L.; Uno, Gordon E. 1983. The effect of early spring burning on vegetation in buffalo wallows. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 110(4): 474-481. [4352] 17. Collins, Scott L.; Uno, Gordon E. 1985. Seed predation, seed dispersal, and disturbance in grasslands: a comment. American Naturalist. 125(6): 866-872. [665] 18. Coppock, D. Layne; Detling, James K. 1986. Alteration of bison and black-tailed prairie dog grazing interaction by prescribed burning. Journal of Wildlife Management. 50(3): 452-455. [689] 19. Coppock, D. L.; Ellis, J. E.; Detling, J. K.; Dyer, M. I. 1983. Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. II. Responses of bison to modification of vegetation by prairie dogs. Oecologia. 56: 10-15. [688] 20. Detling, J. K.; Dyer, M. I.; Procter-Gregg, C.; Winn, D. T. 1980. Plant-herbivore interactions: examination of potential effects of bison saliva on regrowth of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Oecologia. 45: 26-31. [5000] 21. Eaheart, David. 1992. Mystery grass turns into business. Rangelands. 14(2): 103-104. [19395] 22. Easterly, Thomas G.; Jenkins, Kurt J. 1991. Forage production and use on bighorn sheep winter range following spring burning in grassland and ponderosa pine habitats. Prairie Naturalist. 23(4): 193-200. [19277] 23. Edwards, Tom. 1978. Buffalo and prairie ecology. In: Glenn-Lewin, David C.; Landers, Roger Q., Jr., eds. Proceedings, 5th Midwest prairie conference; 1976 August 22-24; Ames, IA. Ames, IA: Iowa State University: 110-112. [3359] 24. England, Raymond E.; DeVos, Antoon. 1969. Influence of animals on pristine conditions on the Canadian grasslands. Journal of Range Management. 22: 87-94. [865] 25. Evans, Keith E.; Probasco, George E. 1977. Wildlife of the prairies and plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-29. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 18 p. [14118] 26. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 27. Finch, Deborah M. 1992. Threatened, endangered, and vulnerable species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Rocky Mountain Region. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-215. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 38 p. [18440] 28. Forde, Jon D.; Sloan, Norman F.; Shown, Douglas A. 1984. Grassland habitat management using prescribed burning in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. Prairie Naturalist. 16(3): 97-110. [938] 29. Frischknecht, Neil C. 1975. Native faunal relationships within the pinyon-juniper ecosystem. In: The pinyon-juniper ecosystem: a symposium: Proceedings; 1975 May; Logan, UT. Logan, UT: Utah State University, College of Natural Resources, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station: 55-56. [974] 30. Gainer, Bob. 1985. Free-roaming bison in northern Alberta. Alberta Naturalist. 15(3): 86-87. [24523] 31. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 32. Gartner, F. Robert. 1977. Ecological changes on pine grassland burned in fall and spring. Final Report Contract No. PX 120051027, U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Office. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota State University, Agricultural Research and Extension Center. 35 p. [1001] 33. Feldhake, C. M.; Boyer, D. G. 1995. Soil water depletion by C3 and C4 pasture grasses in central Appalachia. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 50(1): 106-109. [24529] 34. Hall, E. Raymond. 1981. The mammals of North America. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1271 p. [14765] 35. Halloran, Arthur F.; Glass, Bryan P. 1959. The carnivores and ungulates of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. Journal of Mammalogy. 40(3): 360-370. [24597] 36. Hanson, William A. 1979. Preliminary results of the Bear Creek fire effects studies. Proposed open file report. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage District Office. 83 p. [6400] 37. Haugen, Arnold O.; Shult, Milo J. 1973. Approximating pre-white-man animal influences and relationships in prairie natural areas. In: Hulbert, Lloyd C., ed. Thrid Midwest prairie conference proceedings; 1972 September 22-23; Manhattan, KS. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University, Division of Biology: 17-19. [3326] 38. Herman, Margaret, Willard, E. Earl. 1978. Rocky Mountain wolf and its habitat. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Forest System Cooperative Forestry, Forestry Research, Region 1. 17 p. [16522] 39. Houston, Douglas B. 1971. Ecosystems of national parks. Science. 172: 648-651. [16074] 40. Hudson, R. J.; Frank, S. 1987. Foraging ecology of bison in aspen boreal habitats. Journal of Range Management. 40(1): 71-75. [1201] 41. Knapp, A. K.; Seastedt, T. R. 1986. Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie. BioScience. 36(10): 662-668. [2880] 42. Kruse, Arnold D.; Higgins, Kenneth F. 1990. Effects of prescribed fire upon wildlife habitat in northern mixed-grass prairie. In: Alexander, M. E.; Bisgrove, G. F., technical coordinators. The art and science of fire management: Proceedings, 1st Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop; 1988 October 24-27; Kananaskis Village, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre: 182-193. [14146] 43. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 44. Higgins, Kenneth F.; Kruse, Arnold D.; Piehl, James L. 1989. Effects of fire in the Northern Great Plains. Ext. Circ. EC-761. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 47 p. [14749] 45. Larter, Nicholas C.; Gates, Cormack C. 1991. Diet and habitat selection of wood bison in relation to seasonal changes in forage quantity and quality. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 69: 2677-2685. [24528] 46. Larson, Lorence; Murdock, G. K. 1989. Small bison herd utilization of tallgrass prairie. In: Bragg, Thomas B.; Stubbendieck, James, eds. Prairie pioneers: ecology, history and culture: Proceedings, 11th North American prairie conference; 1988 August 7-11; Lincoln, NE. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska: 243-245. [14055] 47. Little, Silas. 1974. Effects of fire on temperate forests: northeastern United States. In: Kozlowski, T. T.; Ahlgren, C. E., eds. Fire and ecosystems. New York: Academic Press: 225-250. [9859] 48. Lowe, David W.; Matthews, John R.; Moseley, Charles J. 1990. The official World Wildlife Fund guide to endangered species of North America. Volume 1. Plants: Mammals. Washington, DC: Beacham Publishing, Inc. 556 p. [+ appendices]. [23209] 49. Madson, John. 1990. On the Osage. Nature Conservancy Magazine. 40(3): 7-15. [11799] 50. McCormack, Patricia A. 1992. The political economy of bison management in Wood Buffalo National Park. Arctic. 45(4): 367-380. [21080] 51. McHugh, Tom. 1958. Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison). Zoologica. 43(1): 1-40. [3981] 52. Meagher, Mary M. 1973. The bison of Yellowstone National Park. Scientific Monograph Series 1. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 161 p. [24554] 53. Meagher, Mary. 1986. Bison bison. Mammalian Species. 266: 1-8. [24519] 54. Meagher, Mary. 1989. Evaluation of boundry control for bison of Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 17: 15-19. [6887] 55. Merrill, Evelyn H.; Wilson, Cathy; Marrs, Ronald W. 1990. Remote sensing of vegetation recovery in grasslands after the 1988 Yellowstone fires in Yellowstone National Park. In: Boyce, Mark S.; Plumb, Glenn E., eds. National Park Service Research Center, 14th annual report. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, National Park Service Research Center: 151-153. [15435] 56. Mills, Susan M., editor. 1989. The Greater Yellowstone postfire assessment. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region. [Pages unknown]. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. [24521] 57. Moore, Conrad Taylor. 1972. Man and fire in the central North American grassland 1535-1890: a documentary historical geography. Los Angeles, CA: University of California. 155 p. Dissertation. [5732] 58. Morgan, R. Grace. 1980. Bison movement patterns on the Canadian plains: an ecological analysis. Plains Anthropology. 25: 142-160. [1694] 59. Moseley, Robert; Groves, Craig, compilers. 1990. Rare, threatened and endangered plants and animals of Idaho. Boise, ID: Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Natural Heritage Section. 33 p. [19328] 60. Norland, Jack E.; Marlow, Clayton B. 1984. Use of wooded draws by free-roaming bison. In: Noble, Daniel L.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Wooded draws: Characteristics and values for the Northern Great Plains: Symposium proceedings; 1984 June 12-13; Rapid City, SD. Great Plains Agricultural Council Publication No. 111. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Biology Department: 40-44. [1777] 61. Peden, Donald G. 1976. Botanical composition of bison diets on shortgrass plains. American Midland Naturalist. 96(1): 225-229. [24596] 62. Peden, D. G.; Van Dyne, G. M.; Rice, R. W.; Hansen, R. M. 1974. The trophic ecology of Bison bison L. on shortgrass plains. Journal of Applied Ecology. 11: 489-497. [1861] 63. Reynolds, Hal W. 1986. The Canadian Wildlife Service program to restore wood bison. In: Workshop on endangered species in the Prairie Provinces; [Date unknown]; [Place unknown]. Occassional Paper No. 9. [Edmonton, AB]: Alberta Provincial Natural History Museum: 323-328. [24525] 64. Reynolds, H. W.; Hansen, R. M.; Peden, D. G. 1978. Diets of the Slave River lowland bison herd, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Management. 42(3): 581-590. [25134] 65. Reynolds, H. W.; Hawley, A. W. L. 1987. Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River lowlands, Northwest Territories. Occassional Paper No. 63. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Wildlife Service. 74 p. [24553] 66. Reynolds, H. W.; Gates, C. C. 1991. Managing wood bison: a once endangered species. In: Renecker, Lyle A.; Hudson, Robert J., eds. Wildlife production: conservation and sustainable development. Misc. Publ. 91-6. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska University, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station: 363-371. [24522] 67. Risser, Paul G. 1990. Landscape processes and the vegetation of the North American grassland. In: Collins, Scott L.; Wallace, Linda L., eds. Fire in North American tallgrass prairies. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press: 133-146. [14199] 68. Samoil, J. 1992. Fire on the range: burning for bison habitat. Timberlines. 1: 4. [18185] 69. Sharps, Jon C.; Uresk, Daniel W. 1990. Ecological review of black-tailed prairie dogs and associated species in western South Dakota. Great Basin Naturalist. 50(4): 339-344. [14895] 70. Shaw, James H.; Carter, Tracy S. 1990. Bison movements in relation to fire and seasonality. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 18(4): 426-430. [14777] 71. Shiflet, Thomas N., ed. 1994. Rangeland cover types of the United States. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. 152 p. [23362] 72. Short, Henry L.; McCulloch, Clay Y. 1977. Managing pinyon-juniper ranges for wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-47. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 10 p. [2137] 73. Singer, Francis. 1991. Ungulate populations models and carrying capacity: Predicting effects of fires, new winter range, and proposed wolf reintroduction. Park Science. 11(1): 8-9. [13928] 74. Stelfox, John G.; Taber, Richard D. 1969. Big game in the northern Rocky Mountain coniferous forest. In: Taber, Richard D, ed. Coniferous forests of the northern Rocky Mountains: Proceedings of the 1968 symposium; 1968 September 17-20; Missoula, MT. Missoula, MT: University of Montana Foundation, Center for Natural Resources: 197-222. [7546] 75. Steuter, Allen A. 1986. Fire behavior and standing crop characteristics on repeated seasonal burns--northern mixed prairie. In: Koonce, Andrea L., ed. Prescribed burning in the Midwest: state-of-the-art: Proceedings of a symposium; 1986 March 3-6; Stevens Point, WI. Stevens Point, WI: University of Wisconsin, College of Natural Resources, Fire Science Center: 54-59. [16269] 76. Steuter, Allen A. 1988. Restoring a mixed prairie process: the fire-bison grazing interaction. In: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. [Supplement]. 69(2): 308. [Abstract]. [24520] 77. The Network of Natural Heritage Programs and Conservation Data Centers and The Nature Conservancy. 1994. Element distribution - North America, vertebrates. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy, Central Conservation Databases. 31 p. [23374] 78. Thomas, Gregory. 1977. Fire and the fur trade: The Saskatchewan District: 1790-1840. The Beaver. Autumn: 32-39. [14773] 79. Tieszen, Larry L.; Ode, David J.; Barnes, Paul W.; Bultsma, Paul M. 1983. Seasonal variation in C3 and C4 biomass at the Ordway Prairie and selectivity by bison and cattle. In: Kucera, Clair L., ed. Proceedings, 7th North American prairie conference; 1980 August 4-6; Springfield, MO. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri: 165-174. [3218] 80. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. 50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12. Washington, DC: [Publisher unknown]. 42 p. 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