WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Canis lupus | Wolf 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
The gray wolf is found worldwide, ranging from across Europe to northern
Asia; however, it has been extirpated from much of its former range.
Formerly in North America, the gray wolf ranged from the southern fringe of
Greenland south through mid-Mexico and from the Atlantic to the Pacific
[34].  It occupied almost all regions of the United States except for
deserts and high mountaintops [22,34].  Today the gray wolf occupies about 1
percent of its former range in the contiguous states [10].  It occupies
northeastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan, northwestern Montana, central Idaho, and Washington's Cascade
Mountains.  In addition the gray wolf is abundant throughout Alaska and
Canada.  The ranges for the 24 subspecies follow [22,34]:

Ssp. irremotus - Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Alberta, and the
                 western fringes of Washington and Oregon
Ssp. columbianus - British Columbia and southwestern Alberta; can
                   move into the northwestern states
Ssp. occidentalis -  northern Alberta and Saskatchewan,
                     northeastern British Columbia, and central
                     Manitoba, into the Yukon and the Northwest
                     Territories
Ssp. lycaon - southeastern Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and the 
              eastern United States, from the Atlantic to 
              central Minnesota, south to northeastern Florida
Ssp. nubilus - thought to be extinct, although it may possibly
               occur in Minnesota [19]; from southern Manitoba
               and Saskatchewan, south through the Great Plains
               into northern Texas
Ssp. alces - the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska
Ssp. pambasileus - Yukon Territory and all but northern Alaska
Ssp. tundrarum - northern Alaska
Ssp. hudsonicus - along the Hudson Bay in the Northwest
                  Territories and Manitoba
Ssp. arctos - Melville Island, Northwest Territories
Ssp. orion - Greenland
Ssp. labradorius - northern Quebec and Newfoundland
Ssp. beothucus - the island of Newfoundland
Ssp. ligoni - Alexander Archipelago, Alaska
Ssp. fuscus - the Cascade Mountains of Washington, Oregon, and 
              California
Ssp. crassodon - Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Ssp. youngi - the southern Rocky Mountains of Utah, Arizona,
              New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming
Ssp. mogollonensis - central Arizona and westcentral New Mexico
Ssp. monstrabilis - Texas, Mexico, and southeast New Mexico
Ssp. baileyi - central Mexico into southern Arizona and 
               New Mexico
Ssp. bernardi - Banks and Victoria Islands, Northwest Territories
Ssp. mackenzii - northern Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory
Ssp. manningi - Baffin Island, Northwest Territories
Ssp. griseoalbus - Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Northwest
                   Territories, and Newfoundland


ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES10 White-red-jack pine
FRES11 Spruce-fir
FRES18 Maple-beech-birch
FRES19 Aspen-birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES25 Larch
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows


STATES : 


    
AK
	
ID
    
MI
    
MN
    
MT
    
WA
    
WV
    
WI
    
WY






    
AB
    
BC
    
MB
    
NB
    
NF
    
NT
    
NS
    
ON
    
PE
    
PQ


    
SK
    
YT
    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    





BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    2  Cascade Mountains
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21  Eastern white pine
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white cedar
    38  Tamarack
   107  White spruce
   108  Red maple
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   208  Whitebark pine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   221  Red alder
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce - paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Gray wolves inhabit a variety of plant communities.  Their territories
usually contain a mix of forested and open areas.  Gray wolves can also be
found on the tundra.  In the West, gray wolves have been known to follow
ungulate herds from their lowland wintering grounds to their high summer
pastures [16].  In the East, gray wolves 
inhabit a mix of coniferous and
deciduous forests, which include balsam fir (Abies balsamea), black
spruce (Picea mariana), white spruce (P. glauca), white-cedar (Thuja
occidentalis), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), white pine (P. strobus), red
pine (P. resinosa), tamarack (Larix laricina), sugar maple (Acer
saccharum), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and eastern hemlock
(Tsuga canadensis).  In the West, gray wolves inhabit Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii)-spruce (Picea spp.) forests, as well as ponderosa pine (Pinus
ponderosa) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) forests [16,23,28].


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Canis lupus | Wolf