References for species: Pteridium aquilinum

1. A. D. Revill Associates. 1978. Ecological effects of fire and its management in Canada's national parks: a synthesis of the literature. Vol. 2: annotated bibliography. Ottawa, ON: Parks Canada, National Parks Branch, Natural Resources Division. 345 p. [3416]

2. Agee, James K.; Huff, Mark H. 1987. Fuel succession in a western hemlock/Douglas-fir forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 697-704. [7252]

3. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1959. Some effects of fire on forest reproduction in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Forestry. 57: 194-200. [208]

4. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1966. Small mammals and reforestation following prescribed burning. Journal of Forestry. 64: 614-618. [206]

5. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1970. Some effects of prescribed burning on jack pine reproduction in northeastern Minnesota. Misc. Rep. 94, Forestry Series 5-1970. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station. 14 p. [7285]

6. Ahlgren, C. E. 1974. Effects of fires on temperate forests: north central United States. In: Kozlowski, T. T.; Ahlgren, C. E., eds. Fire and ecosystems. New York: Academic Press: 195-223. [13110]

7. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1979. Buried seed in the forest floor of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Minnesota Forestry Research Note No. 271. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry. 4 p. [3459]

8. Alexander, Robert R. 1985. Major habitat types, community types and plant communities in the Rocky Mountains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-123. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 105 p. [303]

9. Alexander, Robert R. 1986. Classification of the forest vegetation of Wyoming. Res. Note RM-466. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 10 p. [304]

10. Alexander, Robert R. 1987. Classification of the forest vegetation of Colorado by habitat type and community type. Res. Note RM-478. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 14 p. [9092]

11. Alexander, Robert R. 1988. Forest vegetation on National Forests in the Rocky Mountain and Intermountain Regions: habitat and community types. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-162. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 47 p. [5903]

12. Al-Jaff, D. M.; Cook, G. T.; Stephen, N. H.; [and others]. 1982. The effect of glyphosate on frond regeneration, bud development and survival, and storage rhizome starch content in bracken. Annals of Applied Biology. 101: 323-329. [9864]

13. Acsai, Jan; Largent, David L. 1983. Fungi associated with Arbutus menziesii, Arctostaphylos manzanita, and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in central and northern California. Mycologia. 75(3): 544-547. [12178]

14. Bailey, Arthur W.; Poulton, Charles E. 1968. Plant communities and environmental interrelationships in a portion of the Tillamook Burn, northwestern Oregon. Ecology. 49(1): 1-13. [6232]

15. Baker, William L. 1984. A preliminary classification of the natural vegetation of Colorado. The Great Basin Naturalist. 44(4): 647-676. [380]

16. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]

17. Boerner, Ralph E. J. 1981. Forest structure dynamics following wildfire and prescribed burning in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. The American Midland Naturalist. 105(2): 321-333. [8649]

18. Borchert, Mark; Segotta, Daniel; Purser, Michael D. 1988. Coast redwood ecological types of southern Monterey County, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-107. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 27 p. [10225]

19. Bowers, Janice E.; McLaughlin, Steven P. 1987. Flora and vegetation of the Rincon Mountains, Pima County, Arizona. Desert Plants. 8(2): 50-94. [495]

20. Braid, K. W.; Conway, E. 1943. Rate and growth of bracken. Nature. 152: 750-751. [9871]

21. Brown, David E.; Lowe, Charles H.; Hausler, Janet F. 1977. Southwestern riparian communities: their biotic importance and management in Arizona. In: Johnson, R. Roy; Jones, Dale A., tech. coords. Importance, preservation and management of riparian habitat: a symposium: Proceedings; 1977 July 9; Tucson, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment 201-211. [5348]

22. Brown, James K.; Marsden, Michael A. 1976. Estimating fuel weights of grasses, forbs, and small woody plants. Res. Note INT-210. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest & Range Experiment Station. 11 p. [5030]

23. Brown, R. W. 1986. Bracken in the North York Moors: its ecological and amenity implications in national parks. In: Smith, R. T.; Taylor, J. A., eds. Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology; 1985 July 1 - July 5; Leeds. Lancs: The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited: 77-86. [9715]

24. Buell, Murray F.; Cantlon, John E. 1953. Effects of prescribed burning on ground cover in the New Jersey pine region. Ecology. 34: 520-528. [9262]

25. Burge, M. N.; Irvine, J. A.; McElwee, M.. 1986. The potential for biological control of bracken with the causal agents o of curl-tip disease. In: Smith, R. T.; Taylor, J. A., eds. Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology; 1985 July 1 - July 5; Leeds. Lancs: The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited: 453-458. [9731]

26. Burrill, Larry C.; Braunworth, William S., Jr.; William, Ray D.; [and others], compilers. 1989. Pacific Northwest weed control handbook. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Extension Service, Agricultural Communications. 276 p. [6235]

27. Campbell, R. E.; Baker, M. B., Jr.; Ffolliott, P. F.; [and others]. 1977. Wildfire effects on a ponderosa pine ecosystem: an Arizona case study. Res. Pap. RM-191. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p. [4715]

28. Carlisle, A.; Brown, A. H. F.; White, E. J. 1967. The nutrient content of tree stem flow and ground flora litter and leachates in a sessile oak (Quercus petraea) woodland. Journal of Ecology. 55: 615-627. [9998]

29. Cartledge, O.; Carnahan, J. A. 1971. Studies of austral bracken (Pteridium esculentum) in the vicinity of Canberra. New Phytologist. 70: 619-626. [10034]

30. Chapman, Rachel Ross; Crow, Garrett E. 1981. Application of Raunkiaer's life form system to plant species survival after fire. Torrey Botanical Club. 108(4): 472-478. [7432]

31. Chavasse, C. G. R.; Davenhill, N. A. 1973. a review of chemical control of bracken and gorse for forest establishment. In: Proceedings of the 26th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference; [Date of conference unknown]; New Zealand. New Zealand Forest service Reprint No. 679. [Place of publication unknown]. New Zealand forest Service: 2-6. [9866]

32. Christensen, Norman L. 1981. Fire regimes in southeastern ecosystems. In: Mooney, H. A.; Bonnicksen, T. M.; Christensen, N. L.; [and others], technical coordinators. Fire regimes and ecosystem properties: Proceedings of the conference; 1978 December 11-15; Honolulu, HI. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-26. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 112-136. [4391]

33. Cody, W. J.; Crompton, C. W. 1975. The biology of Canadian Weeds. 15. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 55: 1059-1072. [9140]

34. Coffman, Michael S.; Alyanak, Edward; Resovsky, Richard. 1980. Field guide habitat classification system: For Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northeast Wisconsin. Houghton, MI: School of Forestry and Wood Production, Michigan Technical University. 112 p. [8997]

35. Conde, Louis F.; Swindel, Benee F.; Smith, Joel E. 1983. Plant species cover, frequency, and biomass: Early responses to clearcutting, chopping, and bedding in Pinus elliottii flatwoods. Forest Ecology and Management. 6: 307-317. [9661]

36. Conard, S. G.; Radosevich, S. R. 1982. Post-fire succession in white fir (Abies concolor) vegetation of the northern Sierra Nevada. Madrono. 29(1): 42-56. [4931]

37. Conway, Elsie. 1949. The autecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn): the germination of the spore, and the development of the prothallus and the young sporophyte. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, Scotland: The Royal Society of Edinburgh: 63: 325-346. [28277]

38. Conway, E. 1952. Bracken--the problem plant. Scott. Agric. 31: 181-184. [9136]

39. Conway, E. 1953. Spore and sporeling survival in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). Journal of Ecology. 41(2): 289-294. [9146]

40. Conway, E. 1957. Spore production in bracken. Journal of Ecology. 45: 273-284. [9145]

41. Conway, E.; Arbuthnott, M. 1949. Occurrence of endotrophic mycorrhiza in the roots of (bracken) Pteridium aquilinum. Nature. 163: 609-610. [9863]

42. Cooper-Driver, G. 1976. Chemotaxonomy and phytochemical ecology of bracken. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 73: 35-46. [9137]

43. Cooper-Driver, G.; Finch, S.; Swain, T.; Bernays, E. 1977. Seasonal variation in secondary plant compounds in relation ton the pala palatability of Pteridium aquilinum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 5( x): 177-183. [9975]

44. Core, Earl L. 1929. Plant ecology of Spruce Mountain, West Virginia. Ecology. 10(1): 1-13. [9218]

45. Cromack, K.; Swanson, F. J.; Grier, C. C. 1979. A comparison of harvesting methods and their impact on soils and environment in the Pacific Northwest. In: Youngberg, Chester T., ed. Forest soils and land use--Proceedings, 5th North American forest soils conference; 1978 August 6-9; [Location of conference unknown]. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University: 449-476. [8420]

46. Crouch, Glenn L. 1974. Interaction of deer and forest succession on clearcuttings in the Coast Range of Oregon. In: Black, Hugh C., ed. Wildlife and forest management in the Pacific Northwest: Proceedings of a symposium; 1973 September 11-12; Corvallis, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, School of Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory: 133-138. [8001]

47. Curtis, John T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. 657 p. [7116]

48. Daniels, R. E. 1985. Studies in the growth of Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn. (bracken): regeneration of rhizome segments. Weed Research. 25: 381-388. [10006]

49. Daniels, R. E. 1986. Studies in the growth of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (bracken): effect of shading and nutrient application. Weed Research. 26: 121-126. [9139]

50. Daubenmire, Rexford. 1978. Plant geography--with special reference to North America. Physiological Ecology. New York: Academic Press. 338 p. [8949]

51. Davison, Kathryn L.; Bratton, Susan P. 1988. Vegetation response and regrowth after fire on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia. Castanea. 53(1): 47-65. [4483]

52. del Moral, Roger; Cates, Rex G. 1971. Allelopathic potential of the dominant vegetation of western Washington. Ecology. 52(6): 1030-1037. [4794]

53. del Moral, Roger; Watson, Alan F. 1978. Gradient structure of forest vegetation in the central Washington Cascades. Vegetatio. 38(1): 29-48. [8800]

54. Dimock, E. J. 1964. Supplemental treatments to aid planted Douglas-fir in dense bracken fern. PNW-11. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 10 p. [9976]

55. Dimock, Edward J., II. 1974. Animal populations and damage. In: Cramer, Owen P., ed. Environmental effects of forest residues management in the Pacific Northwest: A state-of-knowledge compendium. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-24. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: O-1 to O-28. [6394]

56. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]

57. Douglas, George Wayne. 1970. A vegetation study in the subalpine zone of the western North Cascades, Washington. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. 293 p. Thesis. [8560]

58. Drew, Larry Albert. 1967. Comparative phenology of seral shrub communities in the cedar/hemlock zone. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho. 108 p. Thesis. [9654]

59. Dutton, Barry; Nimlos, Thomas J. 1983. Forest soils of western Montana. In: O'Loughlin, Jennifer; Pfister, Robert D., eds. Management of second-growth forests: The state of knowledge and research needs: Proceedings of a symposium; 1982 May 14; Missoula, MT. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station: 15-32. [7094]

60. Dyrness, C. T.; Franklin, J. F.; Moir, W. H. 1974. A preliminary classification of forest communities in the central portion of the western Cascades in Oregon. Bulletin No. 4. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Ecosystem Analysis Studies, Coniferous Forest Biome. 123 p. [8480]

61. Emmingham, W. H. 1972. Conifer growth and plant distribution under different light environments in the Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 50 p. Thesis. [9651]

62. Evans, I. A. 1976. Relationship between bracken and cancer. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 73: 105-112. [9616]

63. Evans, I. A.. 1986. The carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic toxicity of bracken. In: Smith, R. T.; Taylor, J. A., eds. Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology; 1985 July 1 - July 5; Leeds. Lancs: The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited: 139-146. [9719]

64. Evans, L. S. 1979. A plant developmental system to measure the impact of pollutants in rainwater. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. 29(11): 1145-1148. [9994]

65. Evans, L. S.; Bozzone, D. M. 1977. Effect of buffered solutions and sulfate on vegetative and sexual develo in gametophytes of Pteridium aquilinum. American Journal of Botany. 64(7): 897-902. [9997]

66. Evans, L. S.; Curry, T. M. 1979. Differential responses of plant foliage to simulated acid rain. American Journal of Botany. 66(8): 953-962. [9996]

67. Evans, W. C.. 1986. The acute diseases caused by bracken in animals. In: Smith, R. T.; Taylor, J. A., eds. Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology; 1985 July 1 - July 5; Leeds. Lancs: The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited: 121-132. [9717]

68. Evers, L. 1988. Bracken ecology and management problems on the Selway Ranger District. Moscow: University of Idaho. 60+ p. Thesis. [9968]

69. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]

70. Fenwick, G. R. 1989. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)--toxic effects and toxic constituents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 46(2): 147-173. [9144]

71. Ferguson, Dennis E.; Boyd, Raymond J. 1988. Bracken fern inhibition of conifer regeneration in northern Idaho. Res. Paper 388. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 11 p. [2834]

72. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press. 1632 p. (Dudley, Theodore R., gen. ed.; Biosystematics, Floristic & Phylogeny Series; vol. 2) [14935]

73. Fletcher, W. W.; Kirkwood, R. C. 1979. The bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. (Kuhn); its biology and control. In: Dyer, A. F, ed. The Experimental Biology of Ferns. New York: Academic Press: 591-635. [9148]

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78. Franklin, Jerry F.; Dyrness, C. T. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-8. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 417 p. [961]

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83. Glass, A. D. M. 1976. The allelopathic potential of phenolic acids associated with the rhizosphere of Pteridium aquilinum. Canadian Journal of Botany. 54: 2440-2444. [9132]

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