|
Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
|
| Centaurea diffusa: References
1. Abella, Scott R.; MacDonald, Neil W. 2000. Intense burns may reduce spotted knapweed germination. Ecological Restoration. 18(2): 203-204. [38262]
2. Agriculture Canada. 1979. Research Station: Kamloops, British Columbia. In: Research branch report: 1976-1978. Kamloops, BC: Agriculture Canada, Research Station: 325-323. [4890]
3. Agriculture Canada. 1979. Research Station: Regina, Saskachewan. In: Research branch report 1976-1978. Regina, SK: Agriculture Canada, Research Station: 327-333. [5512]
4. Ali, Shafeek. 1989. Knapweed eradication program in Alberta. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings: knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 105-106. [37803]
5. Ali, Shaffeek. 2001. Knapweed eradication program of Alberta. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 8-10. [37825]
6. Arno, Stephen F. 1980. Forest fire history in the Northern Rockies. Journal of Forestry. 78(8): 460-465. [11990]
7. Arno, Stephen F. 2000. Fire in western forest ecosystems. In: Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler, eds. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 97-120. [36984]
8. Arno, Stephen F.; Gruell, George E. 1983. Fire history at the forest-grassland ecotone in southwestern Montana. Journal of Range Management. 36(3): 332-336. [342]
9. Beck, K. George; Sebastian, James R.; Rittenhouse, Larry R. 1998. The influence of cattle grazing on diffuse knapweed populations in Colorado. Proceedings, Western Society of Weed Science. 15: 63. Abstract. [38339]
10. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]
11. Berube, Denis E.; Myers, Judith H. 1982. Suppression of knapweed invasion by crested wheatgrass in the dry interior of British Columbia. Journal of Range Management. 35(4): 459-461. [24376]
12. Burkhardt, Wayne J.; Tisdale, E. W. 1976. Causes of juniper invasion in southwestern Idaho. Ecology. 57: 472-484. [565]
13. Bussan, Alvin J.; Dyer, William E. 1999. Herbicides and rangeland. In: Sheley, Roger L.; Petroff, Janet K., eds. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 116-132. [35716]
14. Callaway, Ragan M.; Aschehoug, Erik T. 2000. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science. 290(5491): 521-523. [38340]
15. Callaway, Ragan M.; Aschehoug, Erik T. 2001. Mechanisms for the success of invaders: diffuse knapweed interacts differently with new neighbors than with old ones. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 69. Abstract. [37844]
16. Carpenter, Alan T.; Murray, Thomas A. 2000. Element Stewardship Abstract: Centaurea diffusa Lamarck. In: Weeds on the Web, Wildland Invasive Speices Program, The Nature Conservancy, [Online]. Available: http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/esadocs/documnts/centdif.html [2001, November 21]. [38342]
17. Compobasso, G.; Sobhian, R.; Knutson, L.; [and others]. 1994. Biology of Pterolonche inspersa (Lep.: Pterolonchidae), a biological control agent for Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa in the United States. Entomophaga. 39(3/4): 377-384. [38341]
18. Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Arthur H.; Holmgren, Noel H.; [and others]. 1994. Intermountain flora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 5. Asterales. New York: The New York Botanical Garden. 496 p. [28653]
19. DiTomaso, Joseph M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management. Weed Science. 48(2): 255-265. [37419]
20. Duncan, Celestine Lacey. 2001. Knapweed management: another decade of change. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 1-7. [37824]
21. Duncan, Celestine; Brown, Melissa; Carrithers, Vanelle F.; [and others]. 2001. Integrated management of spotted and diffuse knapweed. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 80-81. Abstract. [37856]
22. Duncan, Celestine; Story, Jim; Sheley, Roger. 2001. Montana knapweeds: identification, biology, and management. Circular 311 [Revised from 1998]. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University, Extension Service. 17 p. [38344]
23. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
24. Fagerlie, Daniel. 1989. Grass reseeding on sites where picloram has been or will be used. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings of the knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 220-221. [37821]
25. Fielding, Dennis J.; Brusven, M. A.; Kish, L. P. 1996. Consumption of diffuse knapweed by two species of polyphagous grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in southern Idaho. The Great Basin Naturalist. 56(1): 22-27. [26603]
26. Fletcher, R. A.; Renney, A. J. 1963. A growth inhibitor found in Centaurea spp. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 43: 475-481. [23851]
27. Forcella, Frank; Harvey, Stephen J. 1983. Eurasian weed infestation in western Montana in relation to vegetation and disturbance. Madrono. 30(2): 102-109. [7897]
28. Ford, Eugene J. 1989. Sclerotinia as a mycorherbicide. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings of the knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 182-189. [37814]
29. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
30. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
31. Hale, Michael B.; Launchbaugh, Karen L. 2001. Developing prescription grazing guidelines for controlling spotted knapweed with sheep. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 83-84. Abstract. [37859]
32. Harris, Grant A.; Dobrowolski, James P. 1986. Population dynamics of seeded species on northeast Washington semiarid sites, 1948-1983. Journal of Range Management. 39(1): 46-51. [1095]
33. Harris, P. 1980. Effects of Urophora affinis Frfld. and U. quadrifasciata (Meig.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Centaurea diffusa Lam. and C. maculosa Lam. (Compositae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 90(2): 190-201. [37409]
34. Harris, P. 1988. Environmental impact of weed-control insects. BioScience. 38(8): 542-548. [5326]
35. Harris, P.; Clapperton, M. J. 1997. An exploratory study on the influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the success of weed biological control with insects. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 7(2): 193-201. [38345]
36. Harris, P.; Cranston, R. 1979. An economic evaluation of control methods for diffuse and spotted knapweed in western Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 59: 375-382. [16]
37. Harris, P.; Shorthouse, J. D. 1996. Effectiveness of gall inducers in weed biological control. The Canadian Entomologist. 128(6): 1021-1055. [37288]
38. Harris, Peter. 1990. The Canadian biocontrol of weeds program. In: Roche, Ben F.; Roche, Cindy Talbott, eds. Range weeds revisited: Proceedings of a symposium: A 1989 Pacific Northwest range management short course; 1989 January 24-26; Spokane, WA. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Cooperative Extension: 61-68. [14838]
39. Harrod, Richy J.; Taylor, Ronald J. 1995. Reproduction and pollination biology of Centaurea and Acroptilon species, with emphasis on C. diffusa. Northwest Science. 69(2): 97-105. [28487]
40. Harrod, Richy J.; Taylor, Ronald J.; Gaines, William L.; [and others]. 1996. Noxious weeds in the Blue Mountains. In: Jaindl, R. G.; Quigley, T. M., eds. Search for a solution: sustaining the land, people, and economy of the Blue Mountains. Washington, DC: American Forests: 107-117. [27087]
41. Hubbard, William A. 1975. Increased range forage production by reseeding and the chemical control of knapweed. Journal of Range Management. 28(5): 406-407. [21]
42. Kartesz, John T.; Meacham, Christopher A. 1999. Synthesis of the North American flora (Windows Version 1.0), [CD-ROM]. Available: North Carolina Botanical Garden. In cooperation with the Nature Conservancy, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [2001, January 16]. [36715]
43. Kashefi, J. M.; Sobhian, R. 1998. Notes on the biology of Larinus minutus Gyllenhal (Col., Curculionidae), an agent for biological control of diffuse and spotted knapweeds. Journal of Applied Entomology. 122(9-10): 547-549. [37781]
44. Kelsey, Rick G.; Bedunah, Donald J. 1989. Ecological significance of allelopathy for Centaurea species in the northwestern United States. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings: knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 10-32. [37791]
45. Kiemnec, Gary; Larson, Larry. 1991. Germination and root growth of two noxious weeds as affected by water and salt stresses. Weed Technology. 5(3): 612-615. [38403]
46. Knight, Marla; Brucker, Peter; Leavens, Cathy. 2001. Salmon River non-chemical spotted knapweed control. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 84-85. Abstract. [37860]
47. Krannitz, Pam G. 1997. Seed weight variability of antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata: Rosaceae). The American Midland Naturalist. 138(2): 306-321. [23387]
48. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. United States [Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States]. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 1:3,168,000; colored. [3455]
49. Lacey, C. A.; Lacey, J. R.; Fay, P. K.; [and others]. 1992. Controlling knapweeds on Montana rangeland. Circular 311 [Revised]. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University, Extension Service. 17 p. [37782]
50. Lacey, John; Husby, Peter; Handl, Gene. 1990. Observations on spotted and diffuse knapweed invasion into ungrazed bunchgrass communities in western Montana. Rangelands. 12(1): 30-32. [11390]
51. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]
52. Lang, R. F.; Richard, R. D.; Hansen, R. W. 1997. Urophora affinis and U. quadrifasciata (Diptera: Tephritidae) released and monitored by USDA, APHIS, PPQ as biological control agents of spotted and diffuse knapweed. The Great Lakes Entomologist. 30(3): 105-113. [37412]
53. Lang, R. F.; Story, J. M.; Piper, G. L. 1996. Establishment of Larinus minutus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for biological control of diffuse and spotted knapweed in the western United States. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 72(4): 209-212. [37410]
54. Lang, Ronald F.; Richard, Robert D.; Parker, Paul E.; Wendel, Lloyd. 2000. Release and establishment of diffuse and spotted knapweed biocontrol agents by USDA, APHIS, PPQ, in the United States. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 76(4): 197-218. [37408]
55. Larson, L. L.; McInnis, M. L. 1989. Impact of grass seedings on establishment and density of diffuse knapweed and yellow starthistle. Northwest Science. 63(4): 162-166. [9278]
56. Larson, Larry L. 1990. Research efforts in Oregon. In: Roche, Ben F.; Roche, Cindy Talbott, eds. Range weeds revisited: Proceedings of a symposium: A 1989 Pacific Northwest range management short course; 1989 January 24-26; Spokane, WA. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Cooperative Extension: 33-34. [14831]
57. Leininger, Wayne C. 1988. Non-chemical alternatives for managing selected plant species in the western United States. XCM-118. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, Cooperative Extension. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 47 p. [13038]
58. Maddox, D. M. 1979. The knapweeds: their economics and biological control in the western states, U.S.A. Rangelands. 1(4): 139-141. [137]
59. Maddox, Donald M. 1977. The economic importance of diffuse and spotted knapweed in the western United States. In: Knapweed symposium: Proceedings; 1977 October 6-13; Kamloops, BC. Victoria, BC: British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture: 271-275. [2863]
60. Maxwell, James F.; Drinkwater, Robert; Clark, David; Hall, John W. 1992. Effect of grazing, spraying, and seeding on knapweed in British Columbia. Journal of Range Management. 45(2): 180-182. [24377]
61. McGowan-Stinski, Jack. 2001. [Email to Kristin Zouhar]. October 11. Spotted knapweed and fire. Lansing, MI: The Nature Conservancy, Michigan Chapter. On file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Lab, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. [38258]
62. Miller, Richard F.; Rose, Jeffery A. 1995. Historic expansion of Juniperus occidentalis (western juniper) in southeastern Oregon. The Great Basin Naturalist. 55(1): 37-45. [26637]
63. Miller, Valerie A. 1990. Knapweed as forage for big game in the Kootenays. In: Roche, Ben F.; Roche, Cindy Talbott, eds. Range weeds revisited: Proceedings of a symposium: A 1989 Pacific Northwest range management short course; 1989 January 24-26; Spokane, WA. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Cooperative Extension: 35-37. [14832]
64. Muir, Alister D.; Majak, Walter. 1983. Allelopathic potential of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) extracts. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 63: 989-996. [34]
65. Muller, H. 1989. Growth pattern of diploid and tetraploid spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lam. (Compositae), and effects of the root-mining moth Agapeta. Weed Research. 29: 103-111. [6952]
66. Muller, Heinz; Schroeder, Dieter. 1989. The biological control of diffuse and spotted knapweed in North America--what did we learn? In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings of the knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 151-169. [37811]
67. Muller-Scharer, Heinz; Schroeder, Dieter. 1993. The biological control of Centaurea spp. in North America: do insects solve the problem? Pesticide Science. 37(4): 343-353. [24494]
68. Myers, Judith H.; Berube, Denis E. 1983. Diffuse knapweed invasion into rangeland in the dry interior of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 63: 981-987. [24378]
69. Nolan, Daryl G.; Upadhyaya, Mahesh K. 1988. Primary seed dormancy in diffuse and spotted knapweed. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 68: 775-783. [5593]
70. Ochsmann, Jorg. 2001. An overlooked knapweed hybrid in North America: Centaurea X psammogena Gayer (diffuse knapweed X spotted knapweed). In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 76. Abstract. [37850]
71. Ochsmann, Jorg. 2001. Centaurea diffusa Lam. [Home page of Jorg Schsmann], [Online]. Available: http://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/ [2001, September 28]. [38808]
72. Olson, Bret E. 1999. Grazing and weeds. In: Sheley, Roger L.; Petroff, Janet K., eds. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 85-96. [35714]
73. Olson, Bret E. 1999. Impacts of noxious weeds on ecologic and economic systems. In: Sheley, Roger L.; Petroff, Janet K., eds. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 4-18. [35706]
74. Olson, Bret E.; Wallander, Roseann T.; Lacey, John R. 1997. Effects of sheep grazing on a spotted knapweed-infested Idaho fescue community. Journal of Range Management. 50(4): 386-390. [28937]
75. Paysen, Timothy E.; Ansley, R. James; Brown, James K.; [and others]. 2000. Fire in western shrubland, woodland, and grassland ecosystems. In: Brown, James K.; Smith, Jane Kapler, eds. Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-volume 2. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 121-159. [36978]
76. Pearson, Dean E.; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Ruggiero, Leonard F. 2000. Non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology. Oecologia. 122(1): 121-128. [37451]
77. Piper, G. I.; Rosenthal, S. S.; Story, J. M.; Rees, N. E. 1996. Diffuse knapweed: Centaurea diffusa. In: Rees, Norman E.; Quimby, Paul C., Jr.; Piper, Gary L.; [and others], eds. Biological control of weeds in the West. Bozeman, MT: Western Society of Weed Science. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Montana Department of Agriculture; Montana State University: Section II. [38275]
78. Piper, Gary L. 1989. Release of Sphenoptera jugoslavica on diffuse knapweed infestations bordering highway rights-of-way in eastern Washington. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings of the knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 175-179. [37813]
79. Powell, G. W.; Wikeem, B. M.; Sturko, A.; Boateng, J. 1997. Knapweed growth and effect on conifers in a montane forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 27(9): 1427-1433. [28561]
80. Powell, Robert D. 1990. The role of spatial pattern in the population biology of Centaurea diffusa. Journal of Ecology. 78: 374-388. [13279]
81. Powell, Robert D.; Risley, Chris; Myers, Judith H. 1989. Plant size, seed production, and attack by biological control agents of knapweed in an area of reduced plant density following picloram spraying. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings: knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 58-66. [37796]
82. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
83. Rees, Norman E.; Quimby, Paul C., Jr.; Piper, Gary L.; [and others], eds. 1996. Biological control of weeds in the West. Bozeman, MT: Western Society of Weed Science. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Montana Department of Agriculture; Montana State University. 334 p. [37788]
84. Renney, J. A.; Hughes, E. C. 1969. Control of knapweed, Centaurea species, in British Columbia with Tordon herbicide. Down to Earth. 24: 6-8. [37783]
85. Roche, Ben F., Jr.; Roche, Cindy Talbott. 1999. Diffuse knapweed. In: Sheley, Roger L.; Petroff, Janet K., eds. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 217-230. [35725]
86. Roche, Ben F., Jr.; Talbott, Cindy Jo. 1986. The collection history of Centaureas found in Washington state. Research Bulletin XB 0978. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Agriculture Research Center. 36 p. [2016]
87. Roche, Cindy Talbott. 1990. Knapweed: major populations in Washington. In: Roche, Ben F.; Roche, Cindy Talbott, eds. Range weeds revisited: Proceedings of a symposium: A 1989 Pacific Northwest range management short course; 1989 January 24-26; Spokane, WA. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Cooperative Extension: 23-28. [14829]
88. Roche, Cindy Talbott; Roche, Ben F. Jr. 1988. Distribution and amount of four knapweed (Centaurea L.) species found in eastern Washington. Northwest Science. 62(5): 242-253. [6439]
89. Romme, William H. 1982. Fire and landscape diversity in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park. Ecological Monographs. 52(2): 199-221. [9696]
90. Rosentahal, Sara S.; Campobasso, Gaetano; Fornasari, Luca; [and others]. 1991. Biological control of Centaurea spp. In: James, Lynn F.; Evans, John O.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Child, R. Dennis, eds. Noxious range weeds. Westview Special Studies in Agricultural Science and Policy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 292-302. [23556]
91. Salloum, G. S.; Isman, M. B. 1989. Crude extracts of Asteraceous weeds: Growth inhibitors for variegated cutworm. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15(4): 1379-1390. [38346]
92. Sapsis, David B. 1990. Ecological effects of spring and fall prescribed burning on basin big sagebrush/Idaho fescue--bluebunch wheatgrass communities. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 105 p. Thesis. [16579]
93. Schirman, Roland. 1981. Seed production and spring seedling establishment of diffuse and spotted knapweed. Journal of Range Management. 34(1): 45-47. [62]
94. Sebastian, J. R.; Beck, K. G. 1991. Diffuse knapweed control in Colorado rangeland. In: Western Society of Weed Science--Research progress report: 8. [38347]
95. Sebastian, James R.; Beck, K. G.; Halstvedt, Mary. 1999. The influence of various control methods on diffuse knapweed on Colorado rangeland. Proceedings, Western Society of Weed Science. 52: 41-43. [38348]
96. Shanafelt, Bonita Joy. 2000. Effects of control measures on diffuse knapweed, plant diversity, and transitory soil seed-banks in eastern Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences. 89 p. Thesis. [38405]
97. Sheley, R. L.; Roche, B. F. 1982. Rehabilitation of spotted knapweed infested rangeland in northeastern Washington. Western Society of Weed Science. 31. Abstract. [37891]
98. Sheley, Roger L. 2001. Ecological principles for managing knapweed. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 62. Abstract. [37834]
99. Sheley, Roger L.; Jacobs, James S.; Carpinelli, Michael F. 1998. Distribution, biology, and management of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa). Weed Technology. 12(2): 353-362. [37449]
100. Sheley, Roger L.; Larson, Larry L. 1996. Emergence date effects on resource partitioning between diffuse knapweed seedlings. Journal of Range Management. 49(3): 241-244. [26609]
101. Sheley, Roger L.; Olson, Bret E.; Larson, Larry L. 1997. Effect of weed seed rate and grass defoliation level on diffuse knapweed. Journal of Range Management. 50(1): 39-43. [27401]
102. Sheley, Roger L.; Svejcar, Tony J.; Maxwell, Bruce D.; Jacobs, James S. 1996. Successional rangeland weed management. Rangelands. 18(4): 155-159. [27134]
103. Shiflet, Thomas N., ed. 1994. Rangeland cover types of the United States. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. 152 p. [23362]
104. Shishkoff, N.; Bruckart, W. 1993. Evaluation of infection of target and nontarget hosts by isolates of the potential biocontrol agent Puccinia jaceae that infect Centaurea spp. Phytopathology. 83(9): 894-898. [38349]
105. Smith, Lincoln. 2001. Considerations for resuming foreign exploration for natural enemies of spotted and diffuse knapweed. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 18-26. [37827]
106. Solymosi, P. 1994. Crude plant extracts as weed biocontrol agents. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 29(3-4): 361-370. [38350]
107. Spears, B. M.; Rose, S. T.; Belles, W. S. 1980. Effect of canopy cover, seeding depth, and soil moisture on emergence of Centaurea maculosa and C. diffusa. Weed Research. 20: 87-90. [70]
108. Stannard, Mark. 1993. Overview of the basic biology, distribution and vegetative suppression of four knapweed speices in Washington. Plant Materials Center Technical Notes #25, [Online]. In: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Pullman Plant Materials Center. Available: http:..www.wsu.edu/pmc_nrcs/technotes/plant_materials/tntpm25.htm [2001, September 29]. [38351]
109. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 10 p. [20090]
110. Story, James M. 1989. The status of biological control of spotted and diffuse knapweed. In: Fay, Peter K.; Lacey, John R., eds. Proceedings: knapweed symposium; 1989 April 4-5; Bozeman, MT. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University: 37-42. [37793]
111. Story, Jim M.; Piper, Gary L. 2001. Status of biological control efforts against spotted and diffuse knapweed. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 11-17. [37826]
112. Strang, R. M.; Lindsay, K. M.; Price, R. S. 1979. Knapweeds: British Columbia's undesirable aliens. Rangelands. 1(4): 141-143. [48]
113. Sturdevant, Nacy J.; Kegley, Sandy J. 2001. Spotted and diffuse knapweed--biological control and taxonomy. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 71. Abstract. [38267]
114. Svejcar, Tony. 1999. Implications of weedy species in management and restoration of pinyon and juniper woodlands. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Stevens, Richard, compilers. Sustaining and restoring a diverse ecosystem: Proceedings: ecology and management of pinyon-juniper communities within the Interior West; 1997 September 15-18; Provo, UT. Proceedings RMRS-P-9. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 394-396. [30585]
115. Talbott, C. J. 1987. Distribution and ecologic amplitude of selected Centaurea species in eastern Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington State University. Thesis. [38546]
116. Thompson, D. J.; Stout, D. G. 1991. Duration of the juvenile period in diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa). Canadian Journal of Botany. 69: 368-371. [14107]
117. Tu, Mandy; Hurd, Callie; Randall, John M., eds. 2001. Weed control methods handbook: tools and techniques for use in natural areas. Davis, CA: The Nature Conservancy. 194 p. [37787]
118. Turner, C. E.; Story, J. M.; Rosenthal, S. S.; Rees, N. E. 1996. The knapweeds. In: Rees, Norman E.; Quimby, Paul C., Jr.; Piper, Gary L.; [and others], eds. Biological control of weeds in the West. Bozeman, MT: Western Society of Weed Science. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Montana Department of Agriculture; Montana State University: Section II. [38274]
119. Turner, Nancy J. 1994. Burning mountain sides for better crops: aboriginal landscape burning in British Columbia. International Journal of Ecoforestry. 10(3): 116-122. [27879]
120. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2001. Guide to noxious weed prevention practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 25 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Misoula, MT. [37889]
121. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Plants of the U.S.--alphabetical listing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 954 p. [23104]
122. University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences. 2001. INVADERS Database System, [Online]. Available: http://invader.dbs.umt.edu/ [2001, June 27]. [37489]
123. Upadhyaya, Mahesh K. 1986. Induction of bolting by gibberellic acid in rosettes of diffuse (Centaurea diffusa) and spotted (C. maculosa) knapweed. Canadian Journal of Botany. 64(11): 2428-2432. [37784]
124. Vincent, Dwain W. 1992. The sagebrush/grasslands of the upper Rio Puerco area, New Mexico. Rangelands. 14(5): 268-271. [19698]
125. Vollmer, Joseph G.; Vollmer, Jennifer L. 2001. BASF product update for knapweed control. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 99. Abstract. [37879]
126. Voss, Edward G. 1996. Michigan flora. Part III: Dicots (Pyrolaceae--Compositae). Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin 61; University of Michigan Herbarium. Ann Arbor, MI: The Regents of the University of Michigan. 622 p. [30401]
127. Wallander, Roseann T.; Olson, Bret E.; Lacey, John R. 1995. Spotted knapweed seed viability after passing through sheep and mule deer. Journal of Range Management. 48(2): 145-149. [37447]
128. Watson, A. K.; Renney, A. J. 1974. The biology of Canadian weeds. 6. Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 54: 687-701. [54]
129. Watson, Kemball Watson. 1972. The biology and control of Centaurea diffusa Lam. and Centaurea maculosa Lam. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia. 101 p. Thesis. [38404]
130. Wheeler, A. G.; Stoops, Craig A. 1996. Establishment of Urophora affinis on spotted knapweed in Pennsylvania, with new eastern U.S. records of U. quadrifasciata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings, Entomological Society of Washington. 98(1): 93-99. [37474]
131. Whitson, T. D.; Costa, Robert; Campbell, Steve. 1986. Evaluation of various herbicide application times and treatments for control of knapweed spp. In: Western Society of Weed Science--Research progress reports: 26-27. [37461]
132. Wikeem, Brian M.; Powell, George W. 1999. Biology of Cyphocleonus achates (Coleoptera: Curculionidea), propagated for the biological control of knapweeds (Asteraceae). Canadian Entomologist. 131(2): 243-250. [37786]
133. Wilson, Linda M.; McCaffrey, Joseph P. 1999. Biological control of noxious rangeland weeds. In: Sheley, Roger L.; Petroff, Janet K., eds. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press: 97-115. [35715]
134. Xanthopoulos, Gavriil. 1988. Guidelines for burning spotted knapweed infestations for fire hazard reduction in western Montana. In: Fischer, William C.; Arno, Stephen F., compilers. Protecting people and homes from wildfire in the Interior West: proceedings of the symposium and workshop; 1987 October 6-8; Missoula, MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-251. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 195-198. [5301]
135. Young, James A.; Evans, Raymond A. 1981. Demography and fire history of a western juniper stand. Journal of Range Management. 34(6): 501-505. [2659]
136. Youtie, Berta. 2001. Restoring natural areas with successful diffuse knapweed control. In: Smith, Lincoln, ed. Proceedings, 1st international knapweed symposium of the 21st century; 2001 March 15-16; Coeur d'Alene, ID. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: 70. Abstract. [37845]
137. Youtie, Berta; Soll, Jonathan. 1990. Diffuse knapweed control on the Tom McCall Preserve and Mayer State Park. Unpublished report prepared for the Mazama Research Committee. On file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 18 p. [38353]
138. Zimmerman, Julie A. C. 1997. Ecology and distribution of Centaurea diffusa Lam., Asteraceae. In: Southwest Exotic Plant Mapping Program, Northern Arizona State University, U.S. Biological Survey, [Online]. Available: http://www.usgs.nau.edu/swemp/Info_pages/plants/Centaurea_diffusa/diffusa.html [2001, September 13]. [38338]
Related categories for | Diffuse Knapweed
|
 |