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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
ABBREVIATION :
GENPRO
SYNONYMS :
Amarella propinqua Greene
Gentiana arctophila Griseb.
Gentiana rurikiana Cham. & Schlecht.
Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) Gillett.
SCS PLANT CODE :
GEPR5
COMMON NAMES :
four-parted gentian
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of four-parted gentian is
Gentiana propinqua Richards.
LIFE FORM :
Forb
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
USFS Region 4 Status: ID - Sensitive [14].
Four-parted gentian is rare in Montana [9]. It is apparently secure
globally but critically imperiled in Idaho [14].
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Tara Y. Williams, October 1990
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Williams, Tara Y. 1990. Gentiana propinqua. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Four-parted gentian occurs from Alaska to Quebec and Newfoundland. It
extends south in the Rocky Mountains to British Columbia, Alberta,
Montana, and Idaho [4]. It also occurs in Asia [13].
Occurrence in Glacier National Park: Piegan Pass and head of Lunch
Creek below Pollack Mountain [8,13].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES44 Alpine
STATES :
AK ID MT AB BC NF ON PQ SK YT
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
DENA GLAC LACL WRST YUCH
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
SAF COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
NO-ENTRY
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Four-parted gentian is a native annual that grows 1 to 6 inches (3-15
cm) tall. The basal leaves grow up to 1 inch (5-20 mm) long, the
cauline leaves 0.5 to 1.5 inches (1-4 cm) long. The sympetalous flowers
have a pale bluish-purple corolla. The upper flowers are 0.5 to 1 inch
(15-22 mm) across, and the lower flowers are about half that size. The
capsule contains pale yellow seeds less than 1 mm in diameter [4,13].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Therophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Four-parted gentian reproduces by seed sexually produced by pollination
and fertilization [4].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Four-parted gentian grows in forests, meadows, along streambanks, and on
dry, open, rocky slopes [4,5,13]. It is a calciphile which grows in
sedge tussocks in arctic tundra [11]. Four-parted gentian occurs at
elevations ranging from 8,000 to 10,00 feet (2,580-3,225 m) in Montana
[9] and 2,200 to 2,730 feet (710-880 m) in Alaska [2]. Associates
include fescues (Festuca spp.), sedges (Carex spp.), fireweed (Epilobium
angustifolium), and shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) [2,11].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Obligate Initial Community Species
Four-parted gentian is a colonizer in early succession [11].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Four-parted gentian flowers from June through August in the Pacific
Northwest and Montana [4,8].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Four-parted gentian will readily colonize recently burned areas [11].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Gentiana propinqua | Four-Parted Gentian
REFERENCES :
1. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
2. Edwards, M. E.; Armbruster, W. S. 1989. A tundra-steppe transition on
Kathul Mountain, Alaska, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 21(3):
296-304. [9673]
3. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
4. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur; Ownbey, Marion. 1959. Vascular
plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 4: Ericaceae through
Campanulaceae. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 510 p.
[1170]
5. Hulten, Eric. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1008 p. [13403]
6. Kartesz, John T.; Kartesz, Rosemarie. 1980. A synonymized checklist of
the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume
II: The biota of North America. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North
Carolina Press; in confederation with Anne H. Lindsey and C. Richie
Bell, North Carolina Botanical Garden. 500 p. [6954]
7. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
8. Lesica, Peter. 1984. Rare vascular plants of Glacier National Park,
Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Department of Botany. 27
p. [12049]
9. Lesica, P.; Moore, G.; Peterson, K. M.; Rumely, J. H. (Montana Rare
Plant Project). 1984. Vascular plants of limited distribution in
Montana. Monograph No. 2. Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the
Proceedings, Volume 43. Bozman, MT: Montana State University, Montana
Academy of Sciences. 61 p. [11656]
10. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
11. Racine, Charles H.; Johnson, Lawrence A.; Viereck, Leslie A. 1987.
Patterns of vegetation recovery after tundra fires in northwestern
Alaska, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 19(4): 461-469. [6114]
12. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
13. Standley, Paul C. 1921. Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana.
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 22, Part
5. Washington, DC: United States National Museum, Smithsonian
Institution: 235-438. [12318]
14. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region.
1990. Idaho and Wyoming endangered and sensitive plant field guide.
Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain
Region. 192 p. [9055]
15. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
Index
Related categories for Species: Gentiana propinqua
| Four-Parted Gentian
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