DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Maianthemum canadense | Wild Lily-Of-The-Valley 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
The distribution of wild lily-of-the-valley extends from northern
British Columbia and Alberta and southeastern Montana and Wyoming
eastward to the Atlantic Coast [52,54,73].  Its range continues
southward in the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee [39,54].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES14  Oak - pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch


STATES : 
     CT  DE  GA  IL  IN  IA  KY  ME  MD  MA
     MI  MN  MT  NH  NJ  NY  NC  ND  OH  PA
     RI  SD  TN  VT  VA  WV  WI  WY  AB  BC
     MB  NB  NS  ON  PQ  SK


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  ALPO  APIS  BLRI  CACO  CATO
     CUGA  CUVA  DEWA  FIIS  GRSM  INDU
     ISRO  JOFL  MORU  NERI  PIRO  SARA
     SHEN  SLBE  VOYA


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K081  Oak savanna
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K099  Maple - basswood forest
   K100  Oak - hickory forest
   K101  Elm - ash forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K103  Mixed mesophytic forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
   K110  Northeastern oak - pine forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    19  Gray birch - red maple
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21  Eastern white pine
    23  Eastern hemlock
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26  Sugar maple - basswood
    27  Sugar maple
    28  Black cherry - maple
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white-cedar
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
    42  Bur oak
    44  Chestnut oak
    46  Eastern redcedar
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    55  Northern red oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
   108  Red maple
   110  Black oak


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Wild lily-of-the-valley is a dominant understory species in the
sub-boreal and boreal hardwoods, mixed hardwood-conifer, and conifer
forests of the United States and Canada [16,29,75,92,114].  It occurs
under all tree species present in the upland boreal forests [35].  Wild
lily-of-the-valley is usually a minor species in wetland associations
[31].

Wild lily-of-the-valley is named as a dominant or indicator species in
the following classifications:

(1)  Field guide:  Habitat classification system for Upper Peninsula of
       Michigan and northeast Wisconsin [21]
(2) Effects of environment and land-use history on upland forests of
       the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York [51]
(3)  Classification of quaking aspen stands in the Black Hills and Bear
       Lodge Mountains [103].

Shrub species associated with wild lily-of-the-valley and not mentioned
above are bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), highbush cranberry (Viburnum
edule), and leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) [16,30,122].
Associated herbaceous species include sedges, twinflower (Linnaea
borealis), wild sarsasparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), and bigleaf aster
(Aster macrophyllus) [46,50,61,90,126].  Prominent ferns and
feathermosses found with wild lily-of-the-valley are bracken fern
(Pteridium aquilinum), mountain fern moss (Hylocomium splendens), and
Schreber's moss (Pleurozium schreberi) [33,37].

Related categories for Species: Maianthemum canadense | Wild Lily-Of-The-Valley