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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Maianthemum canadense | Wild Lily-Of-The-Valley
REFERENCES : 1. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1966. Small mammals and reforestation following prescribed burning. Journal of Forestry. 64: 614-618. [206] 2. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1976. Regeneration of red pine and white pine following wildfire and logging in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Forestry. 74: 135-140. [7242] 3. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1979. Buried seed in the forest floor of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Minnesota Forestry Research Note No. 271. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry. 4 p. [3459] 4. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1979. Emergent seedlings on soil from burned and unburned red pine forest. Minnesota Forestry Research Notes No. 273. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry. 4 p. [16910] 5. Alban, David H.; Perala, Donald A.; Jurgensen, Martin F.; [and others]. 1991. Aspen ecosystem properties in the Upper Great Lakes. Res. Pap. NC-300. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 47 p. [18412] 6. Archibold, O. W. 1979. Buried viable propagules as a factor in postfire regeneration in northern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 54-58. [5934] 7. Bard, Gily E. 1952. Secondary succession on the Piedmont of New Jersey. Ecological Monographs. 22(3): 195-215. [4777] 8. Barrett, Spencer C.; Helenurm, Kaius. 1987. The reproductive biology of boreal forest herbs. I. Breeding systems and pollination. Canadian Journal of Botany. 65: 2036-2046. [6624] 9. Beasleigh, W. J.; Yarranton, G. A. 1974. Ecological strategy and tactics of Equisetum sylvaticum during a postfire succession. Canadian Journal of Botany. 52: 2299-2318. [9965] 10. Beaufait, W. R.; Brown, R. T. 1962. Phytogeography of a representative outwash plain jack pine site. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts & Letters. 47: 201-209. [7239] 11. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 12. Bierzychudek, Paulette. 1982. Life histories and demography of shade-tolerant temperate forest herbs: a review. New Phytologist. 90: 757-776. [19197] 13. Blewett, Thomas. 1978. Prairie and savanna restoration in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge. In: Glenn-Lewin, David C.; Landers, Roger Q., Jr., eds. Proceedings, 5th Midwest prairie conference; 1976 August 22-24; Ames, IA. Ames, IA: Iowa State University: 154-157. [3370] 14. Brumelis, G.; Carleton, T. J. 1989. The vegetation of post-logged black spruce lowlands in central Canada. II. Understory vegetation. Journal of Applied Ecology. 26: 321-339. [7864] 15. Buell, Murray F.; Facey, Vera. 1960. Forest-prairie transition west of Itasca Park, Minnesota. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 87(1): 46-58. [14171] 16. Buell, Murray F.; Niering, William A. 1957. Fir-spruce-birch forest in northern Minnesota. Ecology. 38(4): 602-610. [14172] 17. Chapman, Rachel Ross; Crow, Garrett E. 1981. Application of Raunkiaer's life form system to plant species survival after fire. Torrey Botanical Club. 108(4): 472-478. [7432] 18. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1983. Jack pine regeneration following postcut burning and seeding in central Saskatchewan. Information Report NOR-X-253. Edmonton, AB: Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forest Research Centre. 11 p. [16916] 19. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1983. Jack pine regeneration following postcut burning and seeding in southeastern Manitoba. Information Report NOR-X-252. Edmonton, AB: Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forest Research Centre. 10 p. [16917] 20. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1989. Prediction of forest-floor moisture content under diverse jack pine canopy conditions. Canadian Journal of Forestry. 19: 1483-1487. [9734] 21. Coffman, Michael S.; Alyanak, Edward; Resovsky, Richard. 1980. Field guide habitat classification system: For Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northeast Wisconsin. [Place of publication unknown]: Cooperative Research on Forest Soils. 112 p. [8997] 22. Collins, B. S.; Pickett, S. T. A. 1988. Response of herb layer cover to experimental canopy gaps. American Midland Naturalist. 119(2): 282-290. [12562] 23. Conway, Verona M. 1949. The bogs of central Minnesota. Ecological Monographs. 19(2): 173-206. [16686] 24. Cook, Robert E. 1983. Clonal plant populations. American Scientist. 71: 244-253. [3202] 25. Cooper, William S. 1913. The climax forest of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and its development. I. Botanical Gazette. 55(1): 1-44. [11537] 26. Cooper, William S. 1913. The climax forest of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and its development. II. Botanical Gazette. 55(2): 115-140. [11538] 27. Cooper, William S. 1913. The climax forest of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and its development. III. Botanical Gazette. 55(3): 189-235. [11539] 28. Cooper, William S. 1928. Seventeen years of successional change upon Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Ecology. 9(1): 1-5. [7297] 29. Corns, I. G. W. 1983. Forest community types of west-central Alberta in relation to selected environmental factors. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 13: 995-1010. [691] 30. Corns, I. G. W.; Annas, R. M. 1986. Field guide to forest ecosystems of west-central Alberta. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre. 251 p. [8998] 31. Cronan, Christopher S.; DesMeules, Marc R. 1985. A comparison of vegetative cover and tree community structure in three forested Adirondack watersheds. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 881-889. [7296] 32. Crow, T. R.; Mroz, G. D.; Gale, M. R. 1991. Regrowth and nutrient accumulations following whole-tree harvesting of a maple-oak forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 1305-1315. [16600] 33. Crowder, A. A.; Taylor, Gregory J. 1984. Characteristics of sites occupied by wild lily-of-the-valley, Maianthemum canadense, on Hill Island, Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 98(2): 151-158. [13298] 34. Dansereau, Pierre; Segadas-Vianna, Fernando. 1952. Ecological study of the peat bogs of eastern North America. Canadian Journal of Botany. 30(5): 490-520. [8869] 35. Dix, R. L.; Swan, J. M. A. 1971. The roles of disturbance and succession in upland forest at Candle Lake, Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Botany. 49: 657-676. [12808] 36. Drew, Allan P. 1988. Interference of black cherry by ground flora of the Allegheny uplands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 18: 652-656. [8729] 37. Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L. 1988. The boreal forest. In: Barbour, Michael G.; Billings, William Dwight, eds. North American terrestrial vegetation. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press: 33-62. [13878] 38. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 39. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press. 1632 p. (Dudley, Theodore R., gen. ed.; Biosystematics, Floristic & Phylogeny Series; vol. 2). [14935] 40. Flinn, Marguerite Adele. 1980. Heat penetration and early postfire regeneration of some understory species in the Acadian forest. Halifax, NB: University of New Brunswick. 87 p. Thesis. [9876] 41. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Fisher, Sharon E.; Martin, Earl V. 1983. Seasonal nonstructural carbohydrate composition of rhizomes of forest understory species. American Journal of Botany. 70: 46. [10111] 42. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Fisher, Sharon E.; Martin, Earl V.; Blum, Ilya E. 1985. Seasonal variation in the nonstructural carbohydrate composition of rhizomes of forest understory species. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science. 35: 91-97. [10488] 43. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Pringle, Joan K. 1983. Heat tolerance of rhizomes of several understory species. Canadian Journal of Botany. 61: 452-457. [8444] 44. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Wein, Ross W. 1977. Depth of underground plant organs and theoretical survival during fire. Canadian Journal of Botany. 55: 2550-2554. [6362] 45. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Wein, Ross W. 1988. Regrowth of forest understory species following seasonal burning. Canadian Journal of Botany. 66: 150-155. [3014] 46. Foster, N. W.; Morrison, I. K. 1976. Distribution and cycling of nutrients in a natural Pinus banksiana ecosystem. Ecology. 57: 110-120. [8515] 47. Gaber, B. A.;Hutchinson, T. C. 1988. The neutralization of acid rain by the leaves of four boreal forest species. Canadian Journal of Botany. 66(9): 1877-1882. [8872] 48. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 49. Glaser, Paul H. 1992. Raised bogs in eastern North America--regional controls for species richness and floristic assemblages. Journal of Ecology. 80(3): 535-554. [18425] 50. Glaser, Paul H.; Janssens, Jan A.; Siegel, Donald I. 1990. The response of vegetation to chemical and hydrological gradients in the Lost River peatland, northern Minnesota. Journal of Ecology. 78: 1021-1048. [14341] 51. Glitzenstein, Jeff S.; Canham, Charles D.; McDonnell, Mark J.; Streng, Donna R. 1990. Effects of environment and land-use history on upland forests of the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 117(2): 106-122. [13301] 52. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603] 53. Greller, Andrew M.; Locke, David C.; Kilanowski, Victoria; Lotowycz, G. Elizabeth. 1990. Changes in vegetation composition and soil acidity between 1922 and 1985 at a site on the north shore of Long Island, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 117(4): 450-458. [19192] 54. Grether, David F. 1978. Independent assortment of environmentally influenced characters of Canada mayflower in the post-glacial prairie peninsula. In: Glenn-Lewin, David C.; Landers, Roger Q., Jr., eds. Proceedings, 5th Midwest conference proceedings; 1976 August 22-24; Ames, IA. Ames, IA: Iowa State University: 82-85. [3349] 55. Hall, I. V. 1955. Floristic changes following the cutting and burning of a woodlot for blueberry production. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Science. 35: 143-152. [9012] 56. Helenurm, Kaius; Barrett, Spencer C. H. 1987. The reproductive biology of boreal forest herbs. II. Phenology of flowering and fruiting. Canadian Journal of Botany. 65: 2047-2056. [6623] 57. Hoefs, M. E. G.; Shay, Jennifer M. 1981. The effects of shade on shoot growth of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. after fire pruning in southeastern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Botany. 59: 166-174. [4977] 58. Holland, Marjorie M.; Burk, C. John. 1990. The marsh vegetation of three Connecticut River oxbows: a ten-year comparison. Rhodora. 92(871): 166-204. [14521] 59. Host, George E.; Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Ramm, Carl W.; [and others]. 1988. Variation in overstory biomass among glacial landforms and ecological land units in northwestern Lower Michigan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 18(6): 659-668. [14481] 60. Howe, Clifton Durant. 1910. The reforestation of sand plains in Vermont. A study in succession. Botanical Gazette. 49: 126-148. [17846] 61. Hsiung, Wen-Yue. 1951. An ecological study of beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta Marsh.) in the Cloquet Experimental Forest, Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota. 117 p. Thesis. [12201] 62. Hughes, Jeffrey W.; Fahey, Timothy J. 1991. Colonization dynamics of herbs and shrubs in disturbed northern hardwood forest. Journal of Ecology. 79: 605-616. [17724] 63. Jacobson, George L., Jr.; Almquist-Jacobson, Heather; Winne, J. Chris. 1991. Conservation of rare plant habitat: insights from the recent history of vegetation and fire at Crystal Fen, northern Maine, USA. Biological Conservation. 57(3): 287-314. [16533] 64. Jameson, J. S. 1961. Observations on factors influencing jack pine reproduction in Saskatchewan. Technical Note No. 97. Forest Research Division, Department of Forestry, Canada. 24 p. [7284] 65. Jobidon, Robert. 1990. Short-term effect of 3 mechanical site preparation methods on species diversity. Tree Planters' Notes. 41(4): 39-42. [15005] 66. Jobidon, R.; Thibault, J. R.; Fortin, J. A. 1989. Phytotoxic effect of barley, oat, and wheat-straw mulches in eastern Quebec forest plantations 1. Effects on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). Forest Ecology and Management. 29: 277-294. [9899] 67. Jones, R. Keith; Pierpoint, Geoffrey; Wickware, Gregory M.; [and others]. 1983. Field guide to forest ecosystem classification for the Clay Belt, site region 3e. Maple, Ontario: Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute. 160 p. [16163] 68. Kartesz, John T.; Kartesz, Rosemarie. 1980. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume II: The biota of North America. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press; in confederation with Anne H. Lindsey and C. Richie Bell, North Carolina Botanical Garden. 500 p. [6954] 69. Kittredge, J., Jr. 1934. Evidence of the rate of forest succession on Star Island, Minnesota. Ecology. 15(1): 24-35. [10102] 70. Krefting, Laurits W.; Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1974. Small mammals and vegetation changes after fire in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest. Ecology. 55: 1391-1398. [9874] 71. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 72. Kudish, Michael. 1992. Adirondack upland flora: an ecological perspective. Saranac, NY: The Chauncy Press. 320 p. [19376] 73. Lakela, O. 1965. A flora of northeastern Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. 541 p. [18142] 74. La Roi, George H.; Strong, Wayne L.; Pluth, Donald J. 1988. Understory plant community classifications as predictors of forest site quality for lodgepole pine and white spruce in west-central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 18: 875-887. [5414] 75. Larsen, James A. 1971. Vegetational relationships with air mass frequencies: boreal forest and tundra. Arctic. 24: 177-194. [8258] 76. LeBlanc, Cheryl M.; Leopold, Donald J. 1992. Demography and age structure of a central New York shrub-carr 94 years after fire. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 119(1): 50-64. [18208] 77. Lederle, Kathleen A.; Mroz, Glenn D. 1991. Nutrient status of bracken (Pteridumn aquilinum) following whole-tree harvesting in upper Michigan. Forest Ecology and Management. 40: 119-130. [15004] 78. Loomis, Robert M.; Roussopoulos, Peter J.; Blank, Richard W. 1979. Summer moisture contents of understory vegetation in northeastern Minnesota. Res. Pap. NC-179. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 7 p. [14330] 79. Loope, Walter L. 1991. Interrelationships of fire history, land use history, and landscape pattern within Pictured Rocks National Seashore, Michigan. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 105(1): 18-28. [5950] 80. Despain, Don G.; Romme, William H. 1991. Ecology and management of high-intensity fires in Yellowstone National Park. In: Proceedings, 17th Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1989 May 18-21; Tallahassee, FL. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 43-57. [17600] 81. MacLean, David A.; Wein, Ross W. 1977. Changes in understory vegetation with increasing stand age in New Brunswick forests: species composition, cover, biomass, and nutrients. Canadian Journal of Botany. 55: 2818-2831. [10106] 82. Martin, J. Lynton. 1955. Observations on the origin and early development of a plant community following a forest fire. Forestry Chronicle. 31: 154-161. [11363] 83. Martin, J. Lynton. 1956. An ecological survey of burned-over forest land in southwestern Nova Scotia. Forestry Chronicle. 32: 313-336. [8932] 84. McCall, C.; Primack, R. B. 1987. Resources limit the fecundity of three woodland herbs. Oecologia. 71(3): 431-435. [19188] 85. McRae, D. J. 1979. Prescribed burning in jack pine logging slash: a review. Report 0-X-289. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre. 57 p. [7290] 86. Methven, Ian R. 1973. Fire, succession and community structure in a red and white pine stand. Information Report PS-X-43. Chalk River, ON: Environment Canada, Forestry Service, Petawawa Forest Experiment Station. 18 p. [18601] 87. Mladenoff, David J. 1990. The relationship of the soil seed bank and understory vegetation in old-growth northern hardwood-hemlock treefall gaps. Canadian Journal of Botany. 68: 2714-2721. [13477] 88. Mooers, H. D.; Glaser, P. H. 1989. Active patterned ground at sea level, Fourchu, Nova Scotia, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research. 21(4): 425-432. [9655] 89. Nichols, George E. 1913. The vegetation of Connecticut. II. Virgin forests. Torreya. 13(9): 199-215. [14069] 90. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Cushwa, Charles T.; Lake, Roger E.; [and others]. 1973. Wilderness ecology: the upland plant communities, woody browse production, and small mammals of two adj. 33-year-old wildfire areas in northeastern Minnesota. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-7. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 30 p. [6862] 91. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Grigal, David F. 1966. Some individual plant biomass values from northeastern Minnesota. NC-227. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 2 p. [8151] 92. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Ream, Robert R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Res. Pap. NC-63. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 55 p. [9271] 93. Olson, Jerry S. 1958. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes. Botanical Gazette. 119(3): 125-170. [10557] 94. Outcalt, Kenneth Wayne; White, Edwin H. 1981. Phytosociological changes in understory vegetation following timber harvest in northern Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 11: 175-183. [16301] 95. Potter, Loren D.; Moir, D. Ross. 1961. Phytosociological study of burned deciduous woods, Turtle Mountains North Dakota. Ecology. 42(3): 468-480. [10191] 96. Quintilo, D.; Alexander, M. E.; Ponto, R. L. 1991. Spring fires in a semimature trembling aspen stand in central Alberta. Information Report NOR-X-323. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre. 30 p. [19243] 97. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843] 98. Reader, R. J.; Bricker, B. D. 1992. Response of five deciduous herbs to partial canopy removal and patch size. American Midland Naturalist. 127(1): 149-157. [17583] 99. Roberts, Mark R.; Christensen, Norman L. 1988. Vegetation variation among mesic successional forest stands in northern lower Michigan. Canadian Journal of Botany. 66(6): 1080-1090. [14479] 100. Ross, Michael S,; La Roi, George H. 1990. Above-ground biomass allocation by four understory vascular plant species in central Alberta jack pine, Pinus banksiana, forests. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 104(3): 394-402. [14872] 101. Schaefer, James A.; Pruitt, William O., Jr. 1991. 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Related categories for Species: Maianthemum canadense | Wild Lily-Of-The-Valley

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