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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
ABBREVIATION :
POTHIP
SYNONYMS :
Potentilla argyrea (Rydb.) Boivin
P. effusa Doug.
P. diffusa Lehm.
P. filicaulis (Nutt.) Boivin
P. leneophylla Torr. & James ex Eat.
SCS PLANT CODE :
NO-ENTRY
COMMON NAMES :
horse cinquefoil
woolly cinquefoil
silvery cinquefoil
Hipp cinquefoil
cinquefoil
TAXONOMY :
The fully documented scientific name of horse cinquefoil is Potentilla
hippiana Lehm. There are no recognized subspecies, varieties, or forms
[10,12]. Horse cinquefoil is a highly variable species morphologically,
and intergrades with a number of taxa in the genus Potentilla including
P. gracilis varieties pulcherrima and brunnescens [27].
LIFE FORM :
Forb
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
D. Tirmenstein November, 1987.
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
NO-ENTRY
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Horse cinquefoil occurs in the Rocky Mountains from British Columbia
and Alberta to New Mexico and Arizona eastward to Saskatchewan,
Michigan, the Dakotas and Nebraska [12,27].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES44 Alpine
STATES :
AZ CO MI MN MT NE NM ND SD WI
WY AB BC SK
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
WICA
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K011 Western ponderosa forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K047 Fescue - oatgrass
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
SAF COVER TYPES :
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
217 Aspen
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
237 Interior ponderosa pine
239 Pinyon - juniper
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
Little is known about the value of horse cinquefoil to livestock and
wildlife. Cinquefoils (Potentilla spp.), are in general high in tannic
acid content and are unpalatable to many animal species [25]. Some
cinquefoils are browsed when other more desirable species are
unavailable. Mule deer are known to browse horse cinquefoil in Colorado
and New Mexico during the spring and summer months [15].
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
General nutritional values for Potentilla spp. are as follows [20]:
cinquefoil, aerial part, fresh, immature-
Dry matter - % 100.0
Ash - % 8.1
Crude fiber - % 11.3
Ether extract - % 3.9
N-free extract - % 54.6
Protein (Nx6.25) - % 22.1
Cattle-dig. protein - % 16.7
Goats-dig. protein - % 17.2
Horses-dig. protein - % 16.3
Sheep-dig. protein - % 17.6
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Although typically erect, many species of cinquefoil assume a prostrate,
growth form when trampled by livestock [25]. Ross and Hunter [17]
reported that cinquefoil spp. increase with heavy grazing on
subirrigated and wetland range sites in Montana.
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Horse cinquefoil is a perennial herb with a heavy, branching crown. It
grows from a stout, branched caudex [110,12,27]. The ascending or erect
stems reach from 0.4 to 1.6 ft (11-50 cm) in height [10,27].
Morphological characteristics such as plant height, flower size, the
amount of pubescence on leaf surfaces, and the shape and size of calyx
branches vary greatly within this species.
Numerous showy flowers are borne in terminal cymes from 1/4 to 1/2 in
(6-13 mm) across. Inflorescences of horse cinquefoil are freely
branched [12]. The fruits are achenes, varying in number from several
to many [27].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Chamaephyte
Phanerophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Little documentation exists on the reproductive strategies of horse
cinquefoil. Most cinquefoils produce an abundance of small seeds with
good viability [25]. Many species also reproduce vegetatively through
rhizomes or adventitious rooting. Horse cinquefoil may reproduce
vegetatively but this process has apparently not been documented in the
literature.
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Horse cinquefoil occurs in a wide range of plant communities from
prairie and plains grasslands at lower elevations to spruce-fir and
alpine tundra in the Rocky Mountains [10,27]. It is also a constituent
of many sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), aspen (Populus tremuloides),
mountain meadow, and juniper scabland communities [12], and grows well
on open, often dry wooded slopes [10,12]. Horse cinquefoil commonly
occurs with needlegrasses (Stipa spp.) including needle-and-thread grass
(Stipa comata), and green needlegrass (Stipa viridula), fescues (Festuca
spp.), and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) in plains grasslands
[3,4,18]. Other plants commonly associated with horse cinquefoil
include shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), ponderosa pine
(Pinus ponderosa), and aspen (Populus tremuloides).
Horse cinquefoil grows on a fairly wide range of soil composition and
texture. On lower-elevation sites in sagebrush-grassland communities,
horse cinquefoil often grows well on saline soils [12]. Elevational
ranges are as follows [6]:
from: 5,000 to 12,300 ft (1,525-3,752 m) in CO
5,200 to 8,800 ft (1,586-2,684 m) in MT
8,100 to 12,500 ft (2,471-3,818 m) in UT
6,000 to 11,000 ft (1,830-3,355 m) in WY
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Very little is known about the successional status of horse cinquefoil.
On some rather specific sites, a number of cinquefoils are described as
climax dominants [5,19], whereas on many other types of sites these
plants are more often thought of as early to mid-seral species [7,23].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Horse cinquefoil flowers from late June through August [12].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Very little information exists on the potential adaptations of horse
cinquefoil to fire. Response of cinquefoil spp. apparently differs, and
it is difficult to make general conclusions concerning how this highly
variable genus responds to fire. Fire is probably rare at many of the
more mesic sites occupied by horse cinquefoil. However, it is probably
occasional to frequent at many of the more xeric grassland and forested
sites. The regenerative strategies of horse cinquefoil are largely
unknown. It typically produces an abundance of seed, and
reestablishment through seed is likely. Recovery time is unknown.
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Sprouting has not been reported for horse cinquefoil, although this
species does grow from a woody caudex [10]. It is not known if horse
cinquefoil is typically killed by fire.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Potentilla hippiana | Horse Cinquefoil
REFERENCES :
1. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
2. Brutvan, B.; Klukas, R. (revised by R. Klukas). 1982. Checklist of
plants of Wind Cave National Park.. [Place of publication unknown]:
[Publisher unknown]. 32 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratoy,
Missoula, MT. [374]
3. Coupland, Robert T. 1950. Ecology of mixed prairie in Canada. Ecological
Monographs. 20(4): 271-315. [700]
4. Coupland, Robert T.; Brayshaw, T. Christopher. 1953. The fescue
grassland in Saskatchewan. Ecology. 34(2): 386-405. [701]
5. Daubenmire, R. F. 1943. Vegetational zonation in the Rocky Mountains.
Botanical Review. 9(6): 326-393. [737]
6. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
7. Elkington, T. T.; Woodell, S. R. J. 1963. Potentilla fruticosa L.
(Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.). Journal of Ecology. 51: 769-781.
[858]
8. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
9. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
10. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
11. Grime, J. P. 1979. Plant strategies & vegetation proceses. Chichester,
England: John Wiley & Sons. 222 p. [2896]
12. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1961. Vascular plants of the
Pacific Northwest. Part 3: Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Seattle, WA:
University of Washington Press. 614 p. [1167]
13. Holmgren, Arthur H.; Reveal, James L. 1966. Checklist of the vascular
plants of the Intermountain Region. Res. Pap. INT-32. Ogden, UT: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station. 160 p. [1184]
14. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
15. Kufeld, Roland C.; Wallmo, O. C.; Feddema, Charles. 1973. Foods of the
Rocky Mountain mule deer. Res. Pap. RM-111. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station. 31 p. [1387]
16. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
17. Ross, Robert L.; Hunter, Harold E. 1976. Climax vegetation of Montana
based on soils and climate. Bozeman, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service. 64 p. [2028]
18. Moss, E. H.; Campbell, J. A. 1947. The fescue grassland of Alberta.
Canadian Journal of Research. 25: 209-227. [1700]
19. Mueggler, W. F.; Stewart, W. L. 1980. Grassland and shrubland habitat
types of western Montana. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-66. Ogden, UT: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station. 154 p. [1717]
20. National Academy of Sciences. 1971. Atlas of nutritional data on United
States and Canadian feeds. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
772 p. [1731]
21. Noble, I. R.; Slatyer, R. O. 1977. Post-fire succession of plants in
Mediterranean ecosystems. In: Mooney, Harold A.; Conrad, C. Eugene, tech
coords. Proc. of the symp. on the environmental consequences of fire
and fuel management in Mediterranean ecosystems; 1977 August 1-5; Palo
Alto, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-3. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service: 27-36. [1766]
22. Rowe, J. S. 1983. Concepts of fire effects on plant individuals and
species. In: Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds. SCOPE 18: The role
of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Chichester; New York: John
Wiley & Sons: 135-154. [2038]
23. Smith, Dixie R. 1960. Description and response to elk use of two mesic
grassland and shrub communities in the Jackson Hole region of Wyoming.
Northwest Science. 34(1): 25-36. [2166]
24. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
25. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1937. Range plant
handbook. Washington, DC. 532 p. [2387]
26. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
27. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry
C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo,
UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]
Index
Related categories for Species: Potentilla hippiana
| Horse Cinquefoil
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