DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Sonchus arvensis | Perennial Sowthistle 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Perennial sowthistle, native to Europe and Asia, was introduced into
temperate North America as early as 1814 [20].  It is naturalized across
most of the northern United States and Canada.  It occurs from Nova
Scotia and Newfoundland west through all Canadian provinces and
territories to Alaska, south to southern California, east through the
central Great Plains to North Carolina, and north throughout New England
[11,13,15,20].  Although most southeastern United States floras
[5,12,32,48] indicate that perennial sowthistle does not occur south of
North Carolina, it is listed as occurring in Gulf Island National
Seashore in the Florida panhandle [44].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES13  Loblolly - shortleaf pine
   FRES14  Oak - pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES16  Oak - gum - cypress
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands
   FRES44  Alpine


STATES : 
     AK  CA  CO  CT  DE  FL  ID  IL  IN  IA
     KS  KY  ME  MD  MA  MI  MN  MO  MT  NE
     NV  NH  NJ  NY  NC  ND  OH  OR  PA  RI
     SD  UT  VT  VA  WA  WV  WI  WY  DC  AB
     BC  MB  NB  NF  NT  NS  ON  PE  PQ  SK
     YT


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  CUVA  DEWA  DINO  EFMO  GATE
     GLAC  GUIS  ISRO  NERI  NOCA  OLYM
     PIPE  REDW  ROCR  ROMO  THRO  VOYA
     WICA


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
NO-ENTRY


SAF COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Perennial sowthistle frequently occurs in fields and meadows.  It was
present in the following six community types in North Dakota:  prairie
cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), foxtail barley (Critesion jubatum),
saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), mat muhly (Muhlenbergia richardsonis),
little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and Canada bluegrass (Poa
compressa)-Kentucky bluegrass (P. pratense) [34].

Perennial sowthistle occurs in dry meadows of whitetop (Scolochloa
festucacea) with alkali rayless aster (Brachyactis ciliata var. angusta)
in the Delta Marsh in south-central Manitoba [46].

Plants associated with subspecies uliginosus in halophytic or
semihalophytic communities in Saskatchewan include western yarrow
(Achillea lanulosa), rosy pussytoes (Antennaria microphylla), heath
aster (Aster ericoides), American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota),
Dyersweed goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis), saltgrass, foxtail barley, and
mat muhly [20].

In southern Quebec, perennial sowthistle colonizes riverbanks with
silverweed cinquefoil (Argentina anserina) and white sweetclover
(Melilotus alba) [26].

Related categories for Species: Sonchus arvensis | Perennial Sowthistle