DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Bromus carinatus | California Brome 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
California brome occurs from Alaska east to Ontario and south to
Illinois, Texas, California, and northern Mexico [35,39,86].  Closely
related and possibly conspecific taxa extend to Central and South
America [86].  California brome is native from the Pacific Coast to the
western cordillera.  It is casually introduced in the Great Plains [26].
It has naturalized in Europe [86].

Seaside brome occurs in coastal California and Oregon [35].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir-spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES30  Desert shrub
   FRES32  Texas savanna
   FRES33  Southwestern shrubsteppe
   FRES34  Chaparral-mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon-juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES40  Desert grasslands
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands
   FRES44  Alpine


STATES : 
     AK  AZ  CA  CO  ID  IL  IA  KS  MT  NE
     NV  NM  ND  OK  OR  SD  TX  UT  WA  WY
     AB  BC  MB  NT  ON  YT  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ARCH  BAND  BICA  BLCA  BRCA  CACH
     CEBR  CHIS  CHIR  CRLA  CRMO  DEVA
     DEPO  DINO  FLFO  FOBU  GLAC  GOGA  
     GRTE  LAME  LAVO  LABE  MEVE  MOCA  
     MORA  MOSA  NAVA  NOCA  OLYM  ORPI  
     PORE  REDW  SAGU  SAMO  SEKI  TICA  
     WHSH  YELL  ZION


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K003  Silver fir-Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir-hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K007  Red fir forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine-subalpine forest
   K009  Pine-cypress forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar-hemlock-pine forest
   K014  Grand fir-Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce-fir forest
   K016  Eastern ponderosa forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine-Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest 
   K020  Spruce-fir-Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce-fir forest
   K022  Great Basin pine forest
   K023  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K025  Alder-ash forest
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K028  Mosaic of K002 and K026
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest
   K030  California oakwoods
   K031  Oak-juniper woodlands
   K032  Transition between K031 and K037
   K033  Chaparral
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K035  Coastal sagebrush
   K037  Mountain-mahogany-oak scrub
   K038  Great Basin sagebrush
   K039  Blackbrush
   K047  Fescue-oatgrass
   K048  California steppe
   K050  Fescue-wheatgrass
   K052  Alpine meadows and barren
   K055  Sagebrush steppe
   K056  Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
   K058  Grama-tobosa shrubsteppe
   K059  Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K086  Juniper-oak savanna


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    66  Ashe juniper-redberry (Pinchot) juniper
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir
   207  Red fir
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   216  Blue spruce
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   221  Red alder
   222  Black cottonwood-willow
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   232  Redwood
   233  Oregon white oak
   234  Douglas-fir-tanoak-Pacific madrone
   235  Cottonwood-willow
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   238  Western juniper
   239  Pinyon-juniper
   240  Arizona cypress
   241  Western live oak
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   246  California black oak
   247  Jeffrey pine
   248  Knobcone pine
   249  Canyon live oak
   250  Blue oak-foothills pine
   255  California coast live oak
   256  California mixed subalpine


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
   101  Bluebunch wheatgrass
   102  Idaho fescue
   103  Green fescue
   104  Antelope bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   105  Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   107  Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass
   108  Alpine Idaho fescue
   109  Ponderosa pine shrubland
   110  Ponderosa pine-grassland
   201  Blue oak woodland
   202  Coast live oak woodland
   203  Riparian woodland
   204  North coastal shrub
   205  Coastal sage shrub
   206  Chamise chaparral
   207  Scrub oak mixed chaparral
   208  Ceanothus mixed chaparral
   209  Montane shrubland
   210  Bitterbrush
   212  Blackbush
   213  Alpine grassland
   214  Coastal prairie
   215  Valley grassland
   216  Montane meadows
   302  Bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg bluegrass
   303  Bluebunch wheatgrass-western wheatgrass
   304  Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   305  Idaho fescue-Richardson needlegrass
   306  Idaho fescue-slender wheatgrass
   307  Idaho fescue-threadleaf sedge
   309  Idaho fescue-western wheatgrass
   310  Needle-and-thread-blue grama
   311  Rough fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   313  Tufted hairgrass-sedge
   312  Rough fescue-Idaho fescue
   314  Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   315  Big sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   316  Big sagebrush-rough fescue
   317  Bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   318  Bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   319  Bitterbrush-rough fescue
   320  Black sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   321  Black sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   322  Curlleaf mountain-mahogany-bluebunch wheatgrass
   401  Basin big sagebrush
   402  Mountain big sagebrush
   403  Wyoming big sagebrush
   405  Black sagebrush
   408  Other sagebrush types
   409  Tall forb
   410  Alpine rangeland
   411  Aspen woodland
   412  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   413  Gambel oak
   415  Curlleaf mountain-mahogany
   416  True mountain-mahogany
   417  Littleleaf mountain-mahogany
   420  Snowbrush
   422  Riparian
   420  Snowbrush
   503  Arizona chaparral
   504  Juniper-pinyon pine woodland
   509  Transition between oak-juniper woodland and mahogany-oak association
   606  Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
   607  Wheatgrass-needlegrass
   608  Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass
   610  Wheatgrass
   612  Sagebrush-grass
   733  Juniper-oak


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
California brome grows in open woods and forests, shrublands,
grasslands, meadows, and waste places [34,54].

Publications describing plant communities in which California brome is a
dominant component of the vegetation include:

Coastal prairie and northern coastal scrub [33]
Sagebrush-grass habitat types of southern Idaho [36]
A sagebrush community type classification for mountainous northeastern
  Nevada rangelands [41]
Plant associations of the Wallowa-Snake Province: Wallowa-Whitman
  National Forest [42]
A preliminary classification of high-elevation sagebrush-grass
  vegetation in northern and central Nevada [56]
Aspen community types of the Intermountain Region [58]
Foothill oak woodlands of the interior valleys of southwestern Oregon [65]
Major Douglas-fir habitat types of central Idaho: a summary of
  succession and management [76]
Sagebrush steppe [90]

In mountain meadow grasslands, some species are associated with
California brome across several biotic provinces.  Associates of
California brome common to Rocky Mountain, Sierra Nevada, and Sierra
Madre mountain meadows include bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), corn
lily (Veratrum californicum), dwarf purple monkeyflower (Mimulus
nasutus), mountain muhly (Muhlenbergia montana), and Rocky Mountain iris
(Iris missouriensis).  Pine dropseed (Blepharoneuron tricholepis) is a
common associate of California brome in the Rocky Mountains [7].

The quaking aspen/California brome community type occurs in all National
Forests of the Intermountain Region.  Plants common in this community
type include blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus), slender wheatgrass (E.
trachycaulus), mountain snowberry (Symphoricarpos oreophilus), western
yarrow (Achillea millefolium), and Hood's sedge (Carex hoodii) [58].

In western Montana, California brome is a component of grassy balds
within the subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce (Abies lasiocarps-Picea
engelmannii) zone and above timberline.  Associates in grassy balds of
the Bitterroot Mountains include chamisso sedge (Carex pachystachya),
bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), Idaho fescue (Festuca
idahoensis), ballhead sandwort (Arenaria congesta), and western yarrow
[66].

Associates in high-elevation sedge (Carex spp.) meadows of west-central
Idaho include elk sedge (C. geyeri) and other sedges, Idaho fescue,
timber oatgrass (Danthonia intermedia), Wheeler bluegrass (Poa nervosa),
pearly pussytoes (Antennaria anaphaloides), and yellow eriogonum
(Eriogonum flavum) [82].

In shrub steppe of Teton County, Wyoming, Califonia brome was most
common in mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana)
communities above the bluebunch wheatgrass zone.  Associates included
slender wheatgrass, Hood's sedge, smallwing sedge (C. microptera),
valley sedge (C. vallicola), Idaho fescue, purple oniongrass (Melica
spectabilis), and needle-and-thread grass (Stipa comata) [4].

In California and Oregon, California brome was a component of pristine
prairies [33,40].  It also occurred, and still does, in the understory
of oak (Quercus spp.) and other woodlands and savannas [80,81] including
valley oak (Q. lobata), California bay (Umbellularia californica), and
California black walnut (Juglans californica) [61,81], which are not
included in SAF cover types [23] listed.  California brome was probably
dominant on some pristine sites [65].  Associates on contemporary
California annual grasslands include slender oat (Avena barbata), wild
oat (A. fatua), Pacific hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa ssp.
holciformis), sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella), and ripgut brome (Bromus
diandrus) [33].  Associates in remnant prairie in the Willamette Valley
of Oregon include red fescue (Festuce rubra), wild strawberry (Fragaria
virginiana), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata), oxeye daisy
(Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), and wild carrot (Daucus carota) [40].

Related categories for Species: Bromus carinatus | California Brome