DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Bromus ciliatus | Fringed Brome 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Fringed brome occurs from Alaska south to southern California and east
throughout the western states, the Great Plains, and discontinuously
through the midwestern, northeastern, and Atlantic coastal states
[24,29,46,59].  It occurs throughout Canada, excluding the Northwest
Territories and Prince Edward Island [23,24,37].  Fringed brome also
occurs in Mexico [29,59].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie


STATES : 
     AK  CA  CO  ID  IL  IN  IA  KS  ME  MA
     MI  MN  MO  MT  NE  NH  NJ  NM  NV  NY
     NC  ND  OK  OR  PA  RI  SD  TN  TX  UT
     VT  VA  WA  WI  WV  WY  AB  BC  MB  NB
     NF  NS  ON  PQ  SK  YT  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  BICA  BLCA  BRCA  CACH  CEBR
     CHCU  CHIR  CRLA  GLAC  GRTE  GRSM
     INDU  ISRO  NERI  NOCA  PIRO  ROMO
     SAGU  TICA  VOYA  YELL  ZION


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K016  Eastern ponderosa forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest 
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K022  Great Basin pine forest
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K031  Oak - juniper woodlands
   K033  Chaparral
   K037  Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
   K050  Fescue - wheatgrass
   K055  Sagebrush steppe
   K066  Wheatgrass - needlegrass
   K074  Bluestem prairie
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K101  Elm - ash forest
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    16  Aspen
    18  Paper birch
    21  Eastern white pine
    37  Northern white-cedar
    38  Tamarack
    63  Cottonwood
   107  White spruce
   108  Red maple
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   209  Bristlecone pine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   216  Blue spruce
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   219  Limber pine
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   233  Oregon white oak
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   239  Pinyon - juniper
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   251  White spruce - aspen
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce -  paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Fringed brome occurs in a wide variety of habitat types including
pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp.-Juniperus spp.), quaking aspen (Populus
tremuloides), fir-spruce (Abies spp.-Picea spp.), subalpine fir (Abies
lasiocarpa), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), lodgepole pine (P.
contorta), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), maple (Acer spp.),
sagebrush, grassland, and riparian [1,6,11,40,59].  It is an indicator
of aspen and riparian community types in the Intermountain region
[11,43,45].

Fringed brome occurs in coniferous forest, in both climax and seral
communities.  A Douglas-fir/fringed brome habitat type has been
described for northern New Mexico and northern Arizona [1,20,38].
Fringed brome is a member of the single-leaf pinyon-Utah juniper (Pinus
monophylla-J. osteosperma) association of northern Arizona [13].
Fringed brome is a dominant understory species in subalpine fir,
lodgepole pine, white fir (Abies concolor), and blue spruce (Picea
pungens) habitat types of Arizona and New Mexico [1,2,20,43].  It is a
common understory species in subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce (P.
engelmannii) habitat types of Idaho and western Wyoming [11].

Fringed brome also occurs in a number of other communities.  It is found
in seral aspen community types, including the aspen/fringed brome
community typed described for Utah [48] and aspen-dominated community
types in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico [45].  Fringed brome is a
member of the sedge-goldenrod (Carex spp.-Solidago spp.) wet prairie
community in Michigan [33].  It also occurs in peatlands of
north-central Minnesota in minerotrophic fens [60].

In Canada, fringed brome is an understory species in a 100-year-old
black spruce (Picea mariana) forest in southeastern Manitoba [14].  It
also occurs in stagnant plantations of prethicket white spruce (P.
glauca) on oldfield sites in Ontario [56].  Fringed brome is a member
of the western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) shrub community
in Alberta [5].

The following publications list fringed brome as a community dominant:  

A classification of forest habitat types of the northern portion of the
   Cibola National Forest, New Mexico [1]
Forest habitat types in the Apache, Gila, and part of the Cibola
   National Forests, Arizona and New Mexico [20]
Forest and woodland habitat types (plant associations) of northern New
   Mexico and northern Arizona [38]
A classification of spruce-fir and mixed conifer habitat types of
   Arizona and New Mexico [43]
Aspen community types of the Pike and San Isabel National Forests in
   south-central Colorado [48]

Species not previously mentioned but commonly associated with fringed
brome in New Mexico include Arizona white oak (Quercus arizonica),
Gambel oak (Q. gambelii), silverleaf oak (Q. hypoleucoides), alligator
juniper (Juniperus deppeana), Arizona walnut (Juglans major), Arizona
madrone (Arbutus arizonica), sacahuista (Nolina microcarpa), skunkbush
sumac (Rhus trilobata), mountain snowberry (Symphoricarpos oreophilus),
dwarf bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), desert ceanothus (Ceanothus
greggii), willow (Salix spp.), Oregon-grape (Mahonia repens), western
yarrow (Achillea millefolium), bush oceanspray (Holodiscus dumosus),
Fendler meadowrue (Thalictrum fendleri), New Mexico locust (Robinia
neomexicana), green ephedra (Ephedra viridis), broom snakeweed
(Gutierrezia sarothrae), Ross sedge (Carex rossii), Thurber fescue
(Fescue thurberi), Arizona fescue (F. arizonica), and Wolf currant
(Ribes wolfii) [1,13,43].

Species not previously mentioned but commonly associated with fringed
brome in Utah and Wyoming include narrow-leaved cottonwood (Populus
angustifolium), black sage (Artemesia nova), serviceberry (Amelanchier
spp.), sticky geranium (Geranium viscosissimum), lupine (Lupinus spp.),
woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), fireweed (Epilobium
angustifolium), shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), northern
bedstraw (Galium boreale), Fendler bluegrass (Poa fendleriana), and
slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus) [3,6,12].

Related categories for Species: Bromus ciliatus | Fringed Brome