DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Bromus japonicus | Japanese Brome 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Japanese brome is native to Eurasia.  In North America it is distributed
from British Columbia east to Ontario and south to New Hampshire,
Florida, and Mexico [12,68].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES13  Loblolly - shortleaf pine
   FRES14  Oak - pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES30  Desert shrub
   FRES31  Shinnery
   FRES32  Texas savanna
   FRES33  Southwestern shrubsteppe
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES40  Desert grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands


STATES : 
     AL  AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  FL  GA  ID
     IL  IA  IN  KS  KY  LA  MD  MA  MI  MN
     MO  MT  NE  NV  NH  NJ  NM  NY  NC  ND
     OH  OK  OR  PA  RI  SC  SD  TN  TX  UT
     VT  VA  WA  WV  WI  WY  DC  AB  BC  MB
     ON  SK  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     BADL  BIHO  BISO  BICA  CACA  CRMO
     CUGA  CACH  DEWA  DETO  FIIS  FODO
     GATE  GWCA  GWMP  GRTE  GRSM  GUMO
     INDU  LAME  MACA  MEVE  NATR  NERI
     NOCA  OZAR  PIPE  RICH  ROMO  SCBL
     SHEN  THRO  WICA


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
NO-ENTRY


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    66  Ashe juniper - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
    67  Mohrs (shin) oak
    68  Mesquite
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   233  Oregon white oak
   234  Douglas-fir - tanoak - Pacific madrone
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   236  Bur oak
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   238  Western juniper
   239  Pinyon - juniper
   240  Arizona cypress
   241  Western live oak
   242  Mesquite
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   246  California black oak
   249  Canyon live oak
   250  Blue oak - Digger pine
   255  California coast live oak


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
   101  Bluebunch wheatgrass
   102  Idaho fescue
   104  Antelope bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   105  Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   107  Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass
   109  Ponderosa pine shrubland
   110  Ponderosa pine-grassland
   201  Blue oak woodland
   202  Coast live oak woodland
   203  Riparian woodland
   204  North coastal shrub
   205  Coastal sage shrub
   207  Scrub oak mixed chaparral
   208  Ceanothus mixed chaparral
   209  Montane shrubland
   214  Coastal prairie
   215  Valley grassland
   301  Bluebunch wheatgrass-blue grama
   302  Bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg bluegrass
   304  Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   309  Idaho fescue-western wheatgrass
   310  Needle-and-thread-blue grama
   311  Rough fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   314  Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   315  Big sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   316  Big sagebrush-rough fescue
   319  Bitterbrush-rough fescue
   320  Black sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   321  Black sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   323  Shrubby cinquefoil-rough fescue
   401  Basin big sagebrush
   402  Mountain big sagebrush
   403  Wyoming big sagebrush
   405  Black sagebrush
   406  Low sagebrush
   408  Other sagebrush types
   412  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   503  Arizona chaparral
   504  Juniper-pinyon pine woodland
   509  Transition between oak-juniper woodland and mahogany-oak association
   601  Bluestem prairie
   602  Bluestem-prairie sandreed
   603  Prairie sandreed-needlegrass
   604  Bluestem-grama prairie
   605  Sandsage prairie
   606  Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
   607  Wheatgrass-needlegrass
   608  Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass
   609  Wheatgrass-grama
   610  Wheatgrass
   612  Sagebrush-grass
   613  Fescue grassland
   614  Crested wheatgrass
   708  Bluestem-dropseed
   709  Bluestem-grama
   710  Bluestem prairie
   711  Bluestem-sacahuista prairie
   715  Grama-buffalograss
   717  Little bluestem-Indiangrass-Texas wintergrass
   720  Sand bluestem-little bluestem (dunes)
   721  Sand bluestem-little bluestem (plains)
   722  Sand sagebrush-mixed prairie
   724  Sideoats grama-New Mexico feathergrass-winterfat
   727  Mesquite-buffalograss
   730  Sand shinnery oak
   733  Juniper-oak
   735  Sideoats grama-sumac-juniper


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
In the West, Japanese brome occurs in prairie, pinyon-juniper
(Pinus-Juniperus spp.), sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) steppe, and desert
shrub-grassland communities.  It is most common on disturbed sites, but
is also found in undisturbed communities [19,38,44].  It occasionally
occurs in openings in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) or other
low-elevation forest types [53].  It is uncommon in the East, where it
is reported only from disturbed areas [33,59].  Plant associates are
listed below by location and community type.

Eastern Wyoming shortgrass prairie:  Wyoming big sagebrush (A.
tridentata ssp. wyomingensis), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens),
Gardner's saltbush (A. gardneri), rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus
nauseosus), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), threadleaf sedge (Carex
filifolia), sand bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilis), prairie
junegrass (Koeleria macrantha), needle-and-thread grass (Stipa comata),
western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum),
and plains prickly pear (Opuntia polycantha) [23].

Southwestern South Dakota mixed-grass prairie:  western wheatgrass, red
threeawn (Aristida purpurea), cheatgrass, buffalograss (Buchloe
dactyloides), plains silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana ssp. cana),
Russian-thistle (Salsola kali), and scarlet mallow (Sphaeralcea
coccinea) [10].

Central Oklahoma tallgrass prairie:  big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii
var. gerardii), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), black-eyed Susan
(Rudbeckia hirta), and Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum) [2]. 

North-central Texas mesquite savanna:  honey mesquite (Prosopsis
glandulosa var. glandulosa), buffalograss, sideoats grama (Bouteloua
curtipendula), and Texas wintergrass (Stipa leucotricha) [37].

Mesa Verde, Colorado, pinyon-juniper woodland:  annual sunflower
(Helianthus annuus), pigweed (Chenopodium pratericola), wheat (Triticum
aestivum), and mountain brome (Bromus carinatus).  True pinyon (Pinus
edulis) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) were adjacent to but
not within this fire-disturbed community [19].

Northeastern California sagebrush steppe:  medusahead (Taeniatherum
caput-medusae), cheatgrass, Columbia needlegrass (Stipa columbiana),
bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), and bottlebrush
squirreltail (Elymus elymoides).  Basin big sagebrush (Artemisia
tridentata ssp. tridentata) and low sagebrush (A. arbuscula ssp.
longicaulis) were adjacent to but not within this grazing-disturbed
community [7].

Japanese brome was ranked as important in high-disturbance willow (Salix
spp.)-zone stream channels of south-central Oklahoma [51].

Related categories for Species: Bromus japonicus | Japanese Brome