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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants |
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FIRE ECOLOGYFIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS:Red brome generally shortens fire return intervals [54,55,81]. The increased presence of red brome has promoted fires in areas where fire was previously infrequent due to insufficient fuels [63]. Once established red brome may increase fire frequency by enhancing potential for start and spread [10]. In general, red brome produces an abundant and continuous cover of persistent fine fuels, promoting fast, "hot" fires [20]. Desert: Areas of the Mojave Desert dominated by red brome are more susceptible to fire than areas dominated by native forbs. Dead red brome culms and blades are persistent (commonly 2 years); herbage of most Mojave Desert annual species usually lasts 1 year or less. Red brome produces high amounts of persistent flammable fuels in perennial plant interspaces, promoting ignition and spread [22]. Heat generated by burning red brome is sufficient to ignite and consume dead stems of native Mojave Desert forbs. Flames may also consume small shrubs such as white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), white burrobush, and Anderson wolfberry (Lycium andersonii). However, flames fueled by red brome are generally insufficient to ignite large shrubs such as creosote bush [20]. Within the Sonoran Desert, dead and dry red brome is easily ignited, supporting fast-moving surface fires [63]. Fire return intervals are also shortened, changing the vegetal composition through increase of non-native components and loss of native plant species [67]. California chaparral: The invasion of red brome has contributed to short fire return intervals and the subsequent degradation of chaparral [81]. Keeley [46] has observed shorter fire intervals (< 10 years) resulting from the increased presence of red brome and other exotic annuals. Greater fire frequency has promoted the degradation of native herb communities and promoted communities of chaparral shrubs with an exotic, annual understory [81]. Dead stems and litter are persistent, promoting spread of fire in shrub communities, especially across areas between shrubs and trees [42,81]. O'Leary and Westman [58] attribute red brome within early postfire coastal sage scrub communities to off-site seed sources. As a non-native species foxtail chess has no historic fire regime in North America. The following table provides some fire regime intervals for areas where foxtail chess presently occurs. Foxtail chess may alter fire intervals within these communities.
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY [72]:Initial off-site colonizer (off-site, initial community) Secondary colonizer (on-site or off-site seed sources)
Related categories for SPECIES: Bromus madritensis | Foxtail Chess |
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