DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Cynodon dactylon | Bermuda Grass 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Bermuda grass, native to Africa, occurs throughout the world in tropical
to warm temperate climates between 45 degrees north and 45 degrees south
latitude [58].  In the United States Bermuda grass is most common in the
subtropical regions from southern California east to the Gulf Coast and
southeastern states.  It is adventive north to Washington, Idaho, Utah,
Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire
[25,28,31,41].  Populations occurring in cool temperate climates may be
winter hardy cultivars [5].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES12  Longleaf-slash pine
   FRES13  Loblolly-shortleaf pine
   FRES14  Oak-pine
   FRES15  Oak-hickory
   FRES16  Oak-gum-cypress
   FRES17  Elm-ash-cottonwood
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES30  Desert shrub
   FRES31  Shinnery
   FRES32  Texas savanna
   FRES33  Southwestern shrubsteppe
   FRES34  Chaparral-mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon-juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES40  Desert grasslands
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands


STATES : 
     AL  AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  FL  GA  HI
     ID  IL  IN  IA  KS  KY  LA  MD  MA  MI
     MS  MO  NE  NV  NH  NJ  NM  NY  NC  OH
     OK  OR  PA  RI  SC  TN  TX  UT  VA  WA
     WV  DC  MEXICO  VI  PR  GU


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ASIS  BIBE  BICY  BITH  BISC  BUFF
     CABR  CACH  CALO  CACA  CANA  CAGR
     CHIS  CHCH  CHIR  COLO  CORO  CUIS
     DEVA  EVER  FOBO  FODO  FOPU  FOLS
     FOSC  GWCA  GOGA  GRCA  GRSM  GUMO
     GUIS  HALE  HAVO  HOBE  HOSP  JOTR
     KASE  KAMO  LAME  LAMR  MANA  MOCA
     MOCR  NATR  NERI  OCMU  ORPI  PAIS
     PEFO  PINN  PORE  PRWI  PUHO  RICH
     ROCR  SAMO  SHIL  VIIS  ZION


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
NO-ENTRY


SAF COVER TYPES : 
   Bermuda grass probably occurs on suitable sites within most
   SAF Cover Types that fall within its distribution.


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
   201  Blue oak woodland
   202  Coast live oak woodland
   203  Riparian woodland
   409  Tall forb
   422  Riparian
   717  Little bluestem-Indiangrass-Texas wintergrass
   718  Mesquite-grama
   719  Mesquite-liveoak-seacoast bluestem
   727  Mesquite-buffalograss
   728  Mesquite-granjeno-acacia
   729  Mesquite
   730  Sand shinnery oak
   731  Cross timbers-Oklahoma
   732  Cross timbers-Texas (little bluestem-post oak)
   801  Savanna
   804  Tall fescue
   807  Gulf Coast fresh marsh
   808  Sand pine scrub
   809  Mixed hardwood and pine
   810  Longleaf pine-turkey oak hills
   811  South Florida flatwoods
   812  North Florida flatwoods
   813  Cutthroat seeps
   815  Upland hardwood hammocks
   819  Freshwater marsh and ponds


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
In the southeastern United States, Bermuda grass occurs in pastures and
fields and in the understory of open woods, forests, orchards, and pine
(Pinus spp.) plantations.  In Georgia it occurs in a 15-year fallow
field with blackberry (Rubus spp.), American plum (Prunus americana),
sassafras (Sassafras albidum), smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), and numerous
herbaceous plants [48].  In South Carolina it occurs in an 8-year fallow
field dominated by broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus) and
paintbrush bluestem (A. ternarius) [30].  Bermuda grass occurs with
slender woodoats (Chasmanthium laxum var. sessiliflorum) and big
bluestem (Andropogon gerardi var. gerardi) in the herbaceous layer of a
pine-oak (Quercus spp.) forest in eastern Texas [88].

In the southwestern United States, Bermuda grass occurs in riparian
areas and in grasslands adjacent to streams and marshes.  It is a
frequently encountered understory grass in velvet mesquite (Prosopis
velutina) bosques [11].  A mixed honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa
var. glandulosa)-saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima)-Bermuda grass
association has replaced some native associations in the Rio Grande
floodplain in Big Bend National Park, Texas [8].  On Santa Rosa Island,
California, Bermuda grass is a common understory plant in a riparian
woodland composed of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), arroyo
willow (Salix lasiolepis), and goosefoot (Chenopodium spp.) [16].  In
the Sacramento River valley, California, Bermuda grass occurs in a
gravel bar thicket community dominated by sandbar willow (Salix exigua)
where the willow canopy is not dense [18].

Related categories for Species: Cynodon dactylon | Bermuda Grass