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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants |
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DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:Canada wildrye is widely distributed throughout North America. It is found from Alaska to Nova Scotia and occurs throughout the United States except for the extreme southeast portion [6,36,39,50]. Canada wildrye is most abundant within the Great Plains, Pacific Northwest, and the Rocky Mountain states [49].
ECOSYSTEMS [37]:FRES10 White-red-jack pine FRES11 Spruce-fir FRES14 Oak-pine FRES15 Oak-hickory FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood FRES18 Maple-beech-birch FRES19 Aspen-birch FRES20 Douglas-fir FRES21 Ponderosa pine FRES23 Fir-spruce FRES28 Western hardwoods FRES29 Sagebrush FRES30 Desert shrub FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub FRES35 Pinyon-juniper FRES36 Mountain grasslands FRES38 Plains grasslands FRES39 Prairie FRES40 Desert grasslands
STATES:
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [10]:5 Columbia Plateau 6 Upper Basin and Range 7 Lower Basin and Range 8 Northern Rocky Mountains 9 Middle Rocky Mountains 10 Wyoming Basin 11 Southern Rocky Mountains 12 Colorado Plateau 13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont 14 Great Plains 15 Black Hills Uplift 16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER [57] PLANT ASSOCIATIONS:K011 Western ponderosa forest K012 Douglas-fir forest K015 Western spruce-fir forest K016 Eastern ponderosa forest K017 Black Hills pine forest K018 Pine-Douglas-fir forest K019 Arizona pine forest K020 Spruce-fir-Douglas-fir forest K021 Southwestern spruce-fir forest K022 Great Basin pine forest K023 Juniper-pinyon woodland K026 Oregon oakwoods K029 California mixed evergreen forest K030 California oakwoods K031 Oak-juniper woodland K032 Transition between K031 and K037 K037 Mountain-mahogany-oak scrub K038 Great Basin sagebrush K040 Saltbush-greasewood K051 Wheatgrass-bluegrass K055 Sagebrush steppe K056 Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe K057 Galleta-threeawn shrubsteppe K063 Foothills prairie K064 Grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass K065 Grama-buffalo grass K066 Wheatgrass-needlegrass K067 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass K068 Wheatgrass-grama-buffalo grass K069 Bluestem-grama prairie K070 Sandsage-bluestem prairie K074 Bluestem prairie K075 Nebraska Sandhills prairie K076 Blackland prairie K081 Oak savanna K088 Fayette prairie K098 Northern floodplain forest K101 Elm-ash forest K104 Appalachian oak forest
SAF COVER TYPES [33]:5 Balsam fir 20 White pine-northern red oak-red maple 21 Eastern white pine 22 White pine-hemlock 23 Eastern hemlock 24 Hemlock-yellow birch 25 Sugar maple-beech-yellow birch 30 Red spruce-yellow birch 32 Red spruce 33 Red spruce-balsam fir 35 Paper birch-red spruce-balsam fir 40 Post oak-blackjack oak 42 Bur oak 52 White oak-black oak-northern red oak 53 White oak 59 Yellow-poplar-white oak-northern red oak 63 Cottonwood 93 Sugarberry-American elm-green ash 110 Black oak 210 Interior Douglas-fir 217 Aspen 220 Rocky Mountain juniper 222 Black cottonwood-willow 235 Cottonwood-willow 236 Bur oak 237 Interior ponderosa pine 238 Western juniper 239 Pinyon-juniper 246 California black oak
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES [78]:105 Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue 107 Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass 110 Ponderosa pine-grassland 209 Montane shrubland 301 Bluebunch wheatgrass-blue grama 302 Bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg bluegrass 303 Bluebunch wheatgrass-western wheatgrass 304 Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass 314 Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass 317 Bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass 401 Basin big sagebrush 402 Mountain big sagebrush 403 Wyoming big sagebrush 409 Tall forb 412 Juniper-pinyon woodland 601 Bluestem prairie 602 Bluestem-prairie sandreed 603 Prairie sandreed-needlegrass 604 Bluestem-grama prairie 605 Sandsage prairie 606 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass 607 Wheatgrass-needlegrass 608 Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass 609 Wheatgrass-grama 610 Wheatgrass 611 Blue grama-buffalo grass 612 Sagebrush-grass 615 Wheatgrass-saltgrass-grama 708 Bluestem-dropseed 709 Bluestem-grama 710 Bluestem prairie 717 Little bluestem-Indiangrass-Texas wintergrass 721 Sand bluestem-little bluestem (plains) 722 Sand sagebrush-mixed prairie 731 Cross timbers-Oklahoma 732 Cross timbers-Texas (little bluestem-post oak) 733 Juniper-oak 802 Missouri prairie 805 Riparian
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES:Prairie: Canada wildrye is widely distributed throughout the Great Plains [7]. It commonly occurs in the sand prairies of Minnesota, North Dakota, Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, and Manitoba [92]. Canada wildrye is common in northeastern Colorado grass meadows and valley floors of the sandhill region [70]. It is also a common component of Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado [45]. Canada wildrye is found throughout all of Illinois and is a common component of Illinois' mesic prairies [12]. In Iowa, Canada wildrye is a dominant native prairie grass [31]. Lowland prairies are preferred, but widely scattered bunches infrequently occur in upland prairies [30]. Canada wildrye is native to prairie in Ohio [20]. The Edwards Plateau region of Texas supports Canada wildrye [52]. Canada wildrye is a dominant species of the Lake Huron dune system along with prairie sandreed (Calamovilfa longifolia), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) [101]. In Kansas, Canada wildrye is a component of tallgrass prairie along with big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii), little bluestem, Indiangrass, (Sorghastrum nutans), switchgrass, prairie Junegrass (Koeleria macrantha), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and smooth brome (Bromus inermis) [32]. Canada wildrye is also found in mixed grass prairie along with buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), big bluestem [1,60] and rough dropseed (Sporobolus asper) [60]. Within Nebraska tallgrass prairies, Canada wildrye occurs in isolated clumps commonly associated with switchgrass, prairie dropseed, little bluestem, prairie Junegrass, and western wheatgrass [86]. In true prairie lowlands, where big bluestem is dominant, Canada wildrye is a principal associate along with Indiangrass and switchgrass [95]. Forested: Canada wildrye is common to many forested areas. In California, Canada wildrye is found in the North Coast Range mixed evergreen and mixed hardwood forests [47]. In Wisconsin Canada wildrye Occurs in elm (Ulmus spp.)-ash (Fraxinus spp.)-cottonwood (Populus spp.) habitats along with switchgrass, prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) [9]. It occurs in post oak (Quercus stellata)-Hickory (Carya spp.) barrens of southern Illinois [46]. Canada wildrye is commonly found within east-central Minnesota oak savannas with bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), and northern pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) [85]. It is found in ponderosa pine habitats of the southwest [58]. Riparian: Riparian and other wetlands support populations of Canada wildrye. Canada wildrye occurs in prairie fens of the southeastern Missouri Ozarks [68]. Canada wildrye is an understory component of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) riparian habitats of northeastern Colorado [77]. Canada wildrye inhabits incised channel banks of ephemeral streams within north-central Wyoming [80]. In Montana Canada wildrye is found in association with eastern cottonwood along the Missouri River flood plain. It is a component of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) communities along with young and mature eastern cottonwood communities adjacent to the Yellowstone River [14]. Overall, Canada wildrye is a common component of riparian communities in association with red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), golden currant (Ribes aureum), Wood's rose (Rosa woodsii), and western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis). Riparian grass associates include smooth brome, and green muhly (Muhlenbergia racemosa) [41].
Related categories for SPECIES: Elymus canadensis | Canada Wildrye |
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