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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
ABBREVIATION :
ERIVIR
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
ERVI9
COMMON NAMES :
green-keeled cottongrass
thin-leaved cottongrass
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of green-keeled cottongrass is
Eriophorum viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fern. [7,19].
LIFE FORM :
Graminoid
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
USFS Region 1 status: MT - watch list; ND - sensitive list [15]
Green-keeled cottongrass is globally secure but critically imperiled in
Montana [14] and Washington [21].
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Tara Y. Williams/September 1990
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Williams, Tara Y. 1990. Eriophorum viridi-carinatum. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Green-keeled cottongrass occurs only in North America. It extends from
Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to New York, Ontario, Michigan,
Colorado, northern Idaho, and northeastern Washington [7,21].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES18 Maple - beech -birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES44 Alpine
STATES :
AK CO CT ID MA ME MI MN MT NH
NY OH PA RI VT WA WI WY AB BC
MB NB NF NS NT ON PQ SK YT
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
ACAD APIS CUVA DEWA GLAC GRTE
ISRO LACL PIRO SLBE YELL
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
K094 Conifer bog
SAF COVER TYPES :
37 Northern white cedar
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
Green-keeled cottongrass made up 2.0 percent of the diet of feral horses
in Alberta. This suggests that the species was either not very
palatable or not very abundant [12].
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
In Glacier National Park, Montana, McGee's Meadow should be protected
from trampling to protect green-keeled cottongrass [9].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Green-keeled cottongrass is a native, perennial, tufted sedge. It has
stiff, erect stems; slender, spreading rhizomes; and numerous thick
basal leaves [1,7].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Hemicryptophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Green-keeled cottongrass reproduces both sexually and vegetatively [3].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Green-keeled cottongrass grows in cold, calcareous sphagnum bogs,
swamps, and meadows at mid to high elevations. It grows on permafrost
tussocks and calcicoles. It grows with species such as cedar (Thuja
spp.), spruce (Picea spp.), fir (Abies spp.), tamarack (Larix laricina),
and sedges (Carex spp.) [5,7,14,17,18].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Green-keeled cottongrass grows in some areas with a very short growing
season. The spring thaw releases moisture, which stimulates plant
growth [17]. Flowers appear from May to August and fruits mature from
June through September [7,13,19].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Green-keeled cottongrass may survive fire by sprouting from the
rhizomes. The tightly bunched basal leaves may protect it from severe
damage from surface fires.
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Fire probably top-kills green-keeled cottongrass.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum | Green-Keeled Cottongrass
REFERENCES :
1. Anderson, J. P. 1959. Flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada.
Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. 543 p. [9928]
2. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
3. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
4. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
5. Fernald, M. L. 1919. Lithological factors limiting the ranges of Pinus
banksiana and Thuja occidentalis. Rhodora. 21: 41-67. [504]
6. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
7. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur; Ownbey, Marion. 1969. Vascular
plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptograms,
gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. Seattle, WA: University of Washington
Press. 914 p. [1169]
8. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
9. Lesica, Peter. 1984. Rare vascular plants of Glacier National Park,
Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Department of Botany. 27
p. [12049]
10. Lesica, P.; Moore, G.; Peterson, K. M.; Rumely, J. H. (Montana Rare
Plant Project). 1984. Vascular plants of limited distribution in
Montana. Monograph No. 2. Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the
Proceedings, Volume 43. Bozman, MT: Montana State University, Montana
Academy of Sciences. 61 p. [11656]
11. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
12. Salter, R. E.; Hudson, R. J. 1979. Feeding ecology of feral horses in
western Alberta. Journal of Range Management. 32(3): 221-225. [11490]
13. Voss, Edward G. 1972. Michigan flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and monocots.
Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of Science; Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan Herbarium. 488 p. [11471]
14. Shelly, J. Stephen, compiler. 1990. Plant species of special concern.
Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program. 20 p. [12960]
15. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region. 1988.
Sensitive plant field guide [Montana]. Missoula, MT. [12279]
16. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
17. Viereck, Leslie A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quaternary
Research. 3: 465-495. [7247]
18. Voss, Edward G. 1972. Michigan flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and monocots.
Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of Science; Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan Herbarium. 488 p. [11471]
19. Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of
northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York: New
York Botanical Garden. 910 p. [20329]
20. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
21. Washington Natural Heritage Program, compiler. 1994. Endangered,
threatened, and sensitive vascular plants of Washington. Olympia, WA:
Department of Natural Resources. 52 p. [25413]
Index
Related categories for Species: Eriophorum viridi-carinatum
| Green-Keeled Cottongrass
|
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