Pascopyrum smithii: References

1. Aldon, Earl F.; Scholl, David G.; Fresquez, P. R.; Francis, Richard E. 1988. Natural production potential of some Rio Puerco soils in New Mexico. Res. Note RM-481. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 4 p. [3042]

2. Alexander, Lynn E.; Uresk, Daniel W.; Hansen, Richard M. 1983. Summer food habits of domestic sheep in southeastern Montana. Journal of Range Management. 36(3): 307-308. [6003]

3. Allen, E. B.; Allen M. F. 1986. Water relations of xeric grasses in the field: interactions of mycorrhizae and competition. New Phytologist. 104: 559-571. [2875]

4. Allen, Eugene O. 1968. Range use, foods, condition, and productivity of white-tailed deer in Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management. 32(1): 130-141. [16331]

5. Allison, Chris. 1988. Seeding New Mexico rangeland. Circular 525. Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Cooperative Extension Service. 15 p. [11830]

6. Anderson, Howard G.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1980. Effects of annual burning on grassland in the aspen parkland of east-central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 58: 985-996. [3499]

7. Asay, K. H. 1983. Promising new grasses for range seedings. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, compilers, Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats: Proceedings of symposia; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 110-115. [356]

8. Bailey, Arthur W.; Anderson, Murray L. 1978. Prescribed burning of a Festuca-Stipa grassland. Journal of Range Management. 31: 446-449. [373]

9. Baker, William L.; Kennedy, Susan C. 1985. Presettlement vegetation of part of northwestern Moffat County, Colorado, described from remnants. The Great Basin Naturalist. 45(4): 747-783. [384]

10. Barker, R. E.; Holzworth, L. K.; Asay, K. H. 1985. Genetic resources of wheatgrass and wildrye species native to the rangelands of western North America. In: Carlson, Jack R.; Mcarthur, E. Durant, chairmen. Range plant improvement in western North America: Proceedings of a symposium at the annual meeting of the Society for Range Management; 1985 February 14; Salt Lake City, UT. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 9-13. [4381]

11. Barker, William T.; Whitman, Warren C. 1988. Vegetation of the Northern Great Plains. Rangelands. 10(6): 266-272. [5901]

12. Barkworth, Mary E.; Dewey, Douglas R. 1985. Genomically based genera in the perennial Triticeae of North America: identification and membership. American Journal of Botany. 72(5): 767-776. [393]

13. Barkworth, Mary E.; Dewey, Douglas R.; Atkins, Riley J. 1983. New generic concepts in the Triticeae of the Intermountain Region: key and comments. The Great Basin Naturalist. 43(4): 561-572. [394]

14. Baum, Bernard R.; Estes, James R.; Gupta, Pushpendra K. 1987. Assessment of the genomic system of classification in the Triticeae. American Journal of Botany. 74(9): 1388-1395. [198]

15. Beetle, Alan A. 1955. Wheatgrasses of Wyoming. Bull. 336. Laramie, WY: Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station. 24 p. [415]

16. Benkobi, Lakhdar; Uresk, Daniel W. 1996. Seral stage classification and montioring model for big sagebrush/western wheatgrass/blue grama habitat. In: Barrow, Jerry R.; McArthur, E. Durant; Sosebee, Ronald E.; Tausch, Robin J., compilers. Proceedings: shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing environment; 1995 May 23-25; Las Cruces, NM. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-338. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 69-73. [27033]

17. Berdahl, John D.; Frank, Albert B. 1998. Seed maturity in four cool-season forage grasses. Agronomy Journal. 90(4): 483-488. [29162]

18. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]

19. Biondini, Mario E.; Bonham, Charles D.; Redente, Edward F. 1985. Secondary successional patterns in a sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) community as they relate to disturbance and soil biological activity. Vegetatio. 60: 25-36. [448]

20. Blackburn, Wilbert H.; Eckert, Richard E., Jr.; Tueller, Paul T. 1969. Vegetation and soils of the Crane Springs Watershed. R-55. Reno, NV: University of Nevada, Agricultural Experiment Station. 65 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, Burearu of Land Management. [456]

21. Blackburn, Wilbert H.; Eckert, Richard E., Jr.; Tueller, Paul T. 1971. Vegetation and soils of the Rock Springs Watershed. R-83. Reno, NV: University of Nevada, Agricultural Experiment Station. 116 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. [457]

22. Bone, Steven D.; Klukas, Richard W. 1990. Prescribed fire in Wind Cave National Park. In: Alexander, M. E.; Bisgrove, G. F., technical coordinators. The art and science of fire management: Proceedings, 1st Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop; 1988 October 24-27; Kananaskis Village, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre: 297-302. [14145]

23. Bonham, Charles D.; Mack, Steven E. 1987. Biomass responses of two Agropyron spp. in the presence of winterfat (Ceratoides lanata (Pursh.) J. T. Howell) on disturbed soils. Reclamation and Revegetation Research. 6: 13-24; 1987. [485]

24. Brady, E. LeRoy. 1991. Use of native plants for roadside revegetation. In: Rangeland Technology Equipment Council, 1991 annual report. 9222-2808-MTDC. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Technology and Development Program: 15-16. [17081]

25. Branson, Farrel A. 1953. Two new factors affecting resistance of grasses to grazing. Journal of Range Management. 6: 167-171. [508]

26. Brown, Darrell; Hallman, Richard G. 1984. Reclaiming disturbed lands. 1454.1--Technical Services, Range. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Equipment Development Center. 91 p. [533]

27. Bultsma, Paul M.; Haas, Russell J. 1989. Grass varieties for North Dakota. R-794 (Revised). Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University, North Dakota State University Extension Service. 7 p. [19474]

28. Bushey, Charles L. 1987. Short-term vegetative response to prescribed burning in the sagebrush/grass ecosystem of the northern Great Basin; three years of postburn data from the demonstration of prescribed burning on selected Bureau of Land Management districts. Final Report. Cooperative Agreement 22-C-4-INT-33. Missoula, MT: Systems for Environmental Management. 77 p. [568]

29. Buwai, M.; Trlica, M. J. 1977. Defoliation effects on root weights and total nonstructural carbohydrates of blue grama and western wheatgrass. Crop Science. 17: 15-17. [575]

30. Buwai, M.; Trlica, M. J. 1977. Multiple defoliation effects on herbage yield, vigor, and total nonstructural carbohydrates of five range species. Journal of Range Management. 30(3): 164-171. [576]

31. Casterline & Sons Seeds Inc. [n.d.]. Range plants for the High Plains and Rocky Mountain region. Dodge City, KS: Casterline Seeds. 23 p. [18386]

32. Clarke, S. E.; Tisdale, E. W.; Skoglund, N. A. 1943. The effects of climate and grazing practices on short-grass prairie vegetation in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. Technical Bulletin No. 46. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Dominion, Department of Agriculture. 53 p. [635]

33. Collins, Ellen I. 1984. Preliminary classification of Wyoming plant communities. Cheyenne, WY: Wyoming Natural Heritage Program/The Nature Conservancy. 42 p. [661]

34. Coupland, Robert T.; Johnson, R. E. 1965. Rooting characteristics of native grassland species of Saskatchewan. Journal of Ecology. 53: 475-507. [702]

35. Cox, George W. 1989. Early summer diet and food preferences of northern pocket gophers in north central Oregon. Northwest Science. 63(3): 77-82. [9310]

36. Day, A. D.; Ludeke, K. L. 1986. Reclamation and fertilization of coal mine soils in the Southwestern desert. Desert Plants. 8(1): 20-22. [3457]

37. Day, A. D.; Ludeke, K. L. 1987. Effects of soil materials, mulching treatments, and soil moisture on the growth and yield of western wheatgrass for coal mine reclamation. Desert Plants. 8(3): 136-139. [223]

38. De Jong, E.; MacDonald, K. B. 1975. The soil moisture regime under native grassland. Geoderma. 14: 207-221. [773]

39. Delouche, James C.; Bass, Louis N. 1954. Effect of light and darkness upon the germination of seeds of western wheatgrass, Agropyron smithii L. Association of Official Seed Analysts. 44: 104-113. [2696]

40. Detling, J. K.; Painter, E. L. 1983. Defoliation responses of western wheatgrass populations with diverse histories of prairie dog grazing. Oecologia. 57: 5-71. [790]

41. Dewey, Douglas R. 1975. The origin of Agropyron smithii. American Journal of Botany. 62(5): 524-530. [792]

42. Dewey, Douglas R. 1983. Historical and current taxonomic perspectives of Agropyron, Elymus, and related genera. Crop Science. 23: 637-642. [793]

43. Dewey, Douglas R. 1983. New nomenclatural combinations in the North American perennial Triticeae (Gramineae). Brittonia. 35(1): 30-33. [794]

44. Dickinson, C. E.; Dodd, Jerrold L. 1976. Phenological pattern in the shortgrass prairie. The American Midland Naturalist. 96(2): 367-378. [799]

45. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]

46. Dix, Ralph L. 1960. The effects of burning on the mulch structure and species composition of grasslands in western North Dakota. Ecology. 41(1): 49-56. [808]

47. Ehley, Alan M. 1990. Program encourages use of prairie species on roadsides. Restoration & Management Notes. 8(2): 101-102. [14156]

48. Enevoldsen, Myron E.; Lewis, James K. 1978. Effect of range site and range condition on height and location of the shoot apex in vegetative shoots of western wheatgrass. In: Hyder, Donald N., ed. Proceedings, 1st international rangeland congress; 1978 August 14-18; Denver, CO. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 387-391. [864]

49. Epstein, H. E.; Lauenroth, W. K.; Burke, I. C.; Coffin, D. P. 1996. Ecological responses of dominant grasses along two climatic gradients in the Great Plains of the United States. Journal of Vegetation Science. 7(6): 777-788. [29847]

50. Everson, A. C. 1966. Effects of frequent clipping at different stubble heights on western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii, Rydb.). Agronomy Journal. 58: 33-35. [904]

51. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]

52. Faanes, Craig A. 1987. Breeding birds and vegetation structure in western North Dakota wooded draws. Prairie Naturalist. 19(4): 209-220. [9764]

53. Ferguson, Robert B.; Frischknecht, Neil C. 1985. Reclamation on Utah's Emery and Alton coal fields: techniques and plant materials. Res. Pap. INT-335. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 78 p. [917]

54. Francis, Richard E. 1983. Sagebrush-steppe habitat types in northern Colorado: a first approximation. In: Moir, W. H.; Hendzel, Leonard, tech. coords. Proceedings of the workshop on Southwestern habitat types; 1983 April 6-8; Albuquerque, NM. Abluquerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region: 67-71. [955]

55. Francis, Richard E. 1986. Phyto-edaphic communities of the Upper Rio Puerco Watershed, New Mexico. Res. Pap. RM-272. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 73 p. [954]

56. Francis, Richard E.; Aldon, Earl F. 1983. Preliminary habitat types of a semiarid grassland. In: Moir, W. H.; Hendzel, Leonard, tech. coords. Proceedings of the workshop on Southwestern habitat types; 1983 April 6-8; Albuquerque, NM. Albuquerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region: 62-66. [956]

57. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]

58. Gartner, F. R.; Butterfield, R. I.; Thompson, W. W.; Roath, L. R. 1978. Prescribed burning of range ecosystems in South Dakota. In: Hyder, D. N., ed. Proceedings, 1st international rangeland congress; Denver, CO. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 687-690. [999]

59. Gartner, F. R.; Roath, L. R.; White, E. M. 1976. Advantages and disadvantages of prescribed burning. In: Use of prescribed burning in western woodland and range ecosystems: Proceedings of a symposium; 1976; Logan, UT. Logan, UT: Utah State University: 11-15. [1000]

60. Gartner, F. R.; White, E. M.; Butterfield, R. I. 1986. Mechanical treatment and burning for high quality range forage. Beef Report: Cattle 86-29. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences and Plant Science; Agriculture Experiment Station: 135-140. [22514]

61. Gartner, F. Robert. 1975. Final Report: Wind Cave National Park grassland ecology. Unpublished paper on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT: 29 p. [3869]

62. Gartner, F. Robert. 1977. Ecological changes on pine grassland burned in fall and spring. Final Report Contract No. PX 120051027, U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Office. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota State University, Agricultural Research and Extension Center. 35 p. [1001]

63. Gartner, F. Robert; White, E. M. 1986. Fire in the Northern Great Plains and its use in management. In: Komarek, Edwin V.; Coleman, Sandra S.; Lewis, Clifford E.; Tanner, George W., compilers. Prescribed fire and smoke management: Symposium proceedings: 39th annual meeting of the Society for Range Management; 1986 February 13; Kissimmee, FL. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 13-21. [3094]

64. Gillett, J. M.; Senn, H. A. 1960. Cytotaxonomy and infraspecific variation of Agropyron smithii Rydb. Canadian Journal of Botany. 38: 747-760. [1021]

65. Goetz, Harold. 1969. Composition and yields of native grassland sites fertilized at different rates of nitrogen. Journal of Range Management. 22(6): 384-390. [1029]

66. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]

67. Grilz, P.; Delanoy, L.; Grismer, G. 1988. Site preparation, seeding, nurse crop methods tested in dune restoration (Saskatchewan). Restoration & Management Notes. 6(1): 47-48. [4696]

68. Hafenrichter, A. L.; Schwendiman, John L.; Harris, Harold L.; [and others]. 1968. Grasses and legumes for soil conservation in the Pacific Northwest and Great Basin states. Agric. Handb. 339. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 69 p. [18604]

69. Halvorson, Gary A.; Lang, Kent J. 1989. Revegetation of a salt water blowout site. Journal of Range Management. 42(1): 61-65. [11208]

70. Hansen, Paul L.; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert D.; [and others]. 1994. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in Montana. In: Hamre, R. H., ed. Workshop on western wetlands and riparian areas: public/private efforts in recovery, management, and education: Proceedings; 1993 September 9-11; Snowbird, UT. Boulder, CO: Thorne Ecological Institute: 1-17. [27800]

71. Hansen, Paul L.; Hoffman, George R. 1988. The vegetation of the Grand River/Cedar River, Sioux, and Ashland Districts of the Custer National Forest: a habitat type classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-157. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 68 p. [771]

72. Hansen, Paul L.; Hoffman, George R.; Bjugstad, Ardell J. 1984. The vegetation of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota: a habitat type classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-113. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 35 p. [1077]

73. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477]

74. Hartnett, David C.; Hickman, Karen R.; Walter, Laura E. Fischer. 1996. Effects of bison grazing, fire, and topography on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management. 49(5): 413-420. [27144]

75. Higgins, Kenneth F.; Kruse, Arnold D.; Piehl, James L. 1989. Effects of fire in the Northern Great Plains. Ext. Circ. EC-761. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 47 p. [14749]

76. Higgins, Kenneth F.; Kruse, Arnold D.; Piehl, James L. 1989. Prescribed burning guidelines in the Northern Great Plains. Ext. Circ. EC-760. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 36 p. [14185]

77. Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of the grasses of the United States. Misc. Publ. No. 200. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration. 1051 p. [2nd edition revised by Agnes Chase in two volumes. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.]. [1165]

78. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur; Ownbey, Marion. 1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptograms, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 914 p. [1169]

79. Holzworth, Larry; Lacey, John. 1993. Species selection criteria for seeding dryland pastures in Montana. Extension Bulletin 19. Bozeman, MT: Montana State Univeristy, Extension Service. 12 p. [21134]

80. Hopkins, Harold; Albertson, F. W.; Riegel, Andrew. 1948. Some effects of burning upon a prairie in west-central Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 51(1): 131-141. [1191]

81. Hopkins, Rick B.; Cassel, J. Frank; Bjugstad, Ardell J. 1986. Relationships between breeding birds and vegetation in four woodland types of the Little Missouri National Grasslands. Res. Pap. RM-270. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p. [2758]

82. Ingham, R. E.; Detling, J. K. 1984. Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. III. Soil nematode populations and root biomass on Cynomys ludovicianus colonies and adjacent uncolonized areas. Oecologia. 63: 307-313. [3872]

83. Jaramillo, Victor J.; Detling, James K. 1988. Grazing history, defoliation, and competition: effects on shortgrass production and nitrogen accumulation. Ecology. 69(5): 1599-1608. [5589]

84. Judd, B. Ira. 1962. Principal forage plants of southwestern ranges. Stn. Pap. No. 69. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 93 p. [1302]

85. Kamstra, L. D. 1973. Seasonal changes in quality of some important range grasses. Journal of Range Management. 26: 289-291. [5739]

86. Kartesz, John T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume I--checklist. 2nd ed. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 622 p. [23877]

87. Klebenow, Donald A.; Beall, Robert C. 1977. Fire impacts on birds and mammals on Great Basin rangelands. In: [Source unknown]. Reno, NV: University of Nevada, Division of Renewable Natural Resources: 59-62. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Lab, Missoula, MT. [1348]

88. Klebesadel, Leslie J.; Helm, D. J. 1992. Relationship of latitude-of-origin to winter survival and to forage and seed yields of wheatgrasses (Agropyron species) in subarctic Alaska. Bulletin 88. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, School of Agriculture and Land Resources Management, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. 22 p. [21024]

89. Klein, D. A.; Frederick, B. A.; Redente, E. F. 1989. Fertilizer effects on soil microbial communities and organic matter in the rhizosphere of Sitanion hystrix and Agropyron smithii. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation. 3: 397-404. [11097]

90. Kleinman, Larry H. 1976. Phenodynamics and ecology of sagebrush-grass rangelands. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming. 143 p. Dissertation. [1350]

91. Klett, A. T.; Duebbert, Harold F.; Heismeyer, Gerald L. 1984. Use of seeded native grasses as nesting cover by ducks. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 12: 134-138. [5419]

92. Knapp, Paul A. 1991. The response of semi-arid vegetation assemblages following the abandonment of mining towns in south-western Montana. Journal of Arid Environments. 20: 205-222. [14894]

93. Knipe, O. D. 1973. Western wheatgrass germination as related to temperature, light, and moisture stress. Journal of Range Management. 26(1): 68-70. [4078]

94. Kruse, Arnold D.; Higgins, Kenneth F. 1990. Effects of prescribed fire upon wildlife habitat in northern mixed-grass prairie. In: Alexander, M. E.; Bisgrove, G. F., technical coordinators. The art and science of fire management: Proceedings, 1st Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop; 1988 October 24-27; Kananaskis Village, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre: 182-193. [14146]

95. Krysl, L. J.; Galyean, M. L.; Wallace, J. D.; [and others]. 1987. Cattle nutrition on blue grama rangeland in New Mexico. Bull. 727. Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station. 35 p. [5177]

96. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]

97. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798]

98. Launchbaugh, J. L. 1964. Effects of early spring burning on yields of native vegetation. Journal of Range Management. 17: 5-6. [1418]

99. Lokemoen, John T.; Duebbert, Harold F.; Sharp, David E. 1990. Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal. Wildlife Monographs. 106: 1-28. [18102]

100. Loree, J. A. J.; Williams, S. E. 1987. Colonization of western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.) by vesicular-arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi during the revegetation of a surface mine. New Phytologist. 106: 735-744. [140]

101. Lura, Charles L.; Barker, William T.; Nyren, Paul E. 1988. Range plant communities of the Central Grasslands Research Station in south central North Dakota. Prairie Naturalist. 20(4): 177-192. [7224]

102. Lymbery, Gordon A.; Pieper, Rex D. 1983. Ecology of pinyon-juniper vegetation in the northern Sacramento Mountains. Bulletin 698. Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station. 48 p. [4484]

103. Malakouti, M. J.; Lewis, D. T.; Stubbendieck, J. 1978. Effect of grasses and soil properties on wind erosion in sand blowouts. Journal of Range Management. 31(6): 417-420. [1512]

104. McLendon, Terry; Redente, Edward F. 1992. Effects of nitrogen limitation on species replacement dynamics during early secondary succession on a semiarid sagebrush site. Oecologia. 91: 312-317. [24487]

105. Meier, Gretchen; Weaver, T. 1997. Desirables and weeds for roadside management--a northern Rocky Mountain catalogue. Report No. RHWA/MT-97/8115. Final report: July 1994-December 1997. Helena, MT: State of Montana Department of Transportation, Research, Development, and Technology Transfer Program. 145 p. [29135]

106. Menke, John W.; Trlica, M. J. 1981. Carbohydrate reserve, phenology, and growth cycles of nine Colorado range species. Journal of Range Management. 34(4): 269-277. [1639]

107. Moir, W. H. 1983. A series vegetation classification for Region 3. In: Moir, W. H.; Hendzel, Leonard, tech. coords. Proceedings of the workshop on Southwestern habitat types; 1983 April 6-8; Albuquerque, NM. Albuquerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region: 91-95. [1672]

108. Monsen, Stephen B.; McArthur, E. Durant. 1985. Factors influencing establishment of seeded broadleaf herbs and shrubs following fire. In: Sanders, Ken; Durham, Jack, eds. Rangeland fire effects: a symposium: Proceedings of the symposium; 1984 November 27-29; Boise, ID. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office: 112-124. [1682]

109. Monson, Russell K.; Sackschewsky, Michael R.; Williams, George J.,III. 1986. Field measurements of photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, and growth in Agropyron smithii(C3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C4) in the Colorado shortgrass steppe. Oecologia. 68: 400-409. [4512]

110. Mueggler, W. F.; Stewart, W. L. 1980. Grassland and shrubland habitat types of western Montana. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-66. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 154 p. [1717]

111. Newell, L. C.; Moline, W. J. 1978. Forage quality evaluations of twelve grasses in relation to season for grazing. Res. Bull. 283. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, Agricultural Experiment Station. 43 p. [5741]

112. Peden, Donald G. 1976. Botanical composition of bison diets on shortgrass plains. The American Midland Naturalist. 96(1): 225-229. [24596]

113. Piper, Jon K. 1995. Composition of prairie plant communities on productive versus unproductive sites in wet and dry years. Canadian Journal of Botany. 73: 1635-1644. [26658]

114. Plummer, A. Perry. 1976. Shrubs for the subalpine zone of the Wasatch Plateau. In: Zuck, R. H.; Brown, L. F., eds. High altitude revegetation workshop: No. 2: Proceedings; 1976; Fort Collins, CO. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University: 33-40. [1899]

115. Quinnild, Clayton L.; Cosby, Hugh E. 1958. Relicts of climax vegetation on two mesas in western North Dakota. Ecology. 39(1): 29-32. [1925]

116. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]

117. Rauzi, Frank; Painter, L. I.; Dobrenz, Albert K. 1969. Mineral and protein contents of blue grama and western wheatgrass. Journal of Range Management. 22: 47-49. [1942]

118. Redak, R. A.; Capinera, J. L. 1994. Changes in western wheatgrass foliage quality following defoliation: consequences for a graminivorous grasshopper. Oecologia. 100: 80-88. [26540]

119. Reitz, Louis P.; Morris, H. E. 1939. Important grasses and other common plants on Montana ranges: description, distribution and relative value. Bull. 375. Bozeman, MT: Montana State College, Agricultural Experiment Station. 35 p. [1954]

120. Ries, R. E.; Hofmann, L. 1996. Perennial grass establishment in relationship to seeding dates in the Northern Great Plains. Journal of Range Management. 49(6): 504-508. [27217]

121. Rogler, George A. 1973. The wheatgrasses. In: Heath, M. E.; Metcalfe, D. S.; Barnes, R. E., eds. Forages: the science of grassland agriculture. 3d ed. Ames, IA: The Iowa State University Press: 221-230. [2022]

122. Sabo, David G.; Johnson, Gordon V.; Martin, William C.; Aldon, Earl F. 1979. Germination requirements of 19 species of arid land plants. Res. Pap. RM-210. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 26 p. [2047]

123. Samuel, Marilyn J.; Hart, Richard H. 1992. Survival and growth of blue grama seedlings in competition with western wheatgrass. Journal of Range Management. 45: 444-448. [19429]

124. Samuel, Marilyn J.; Hart, Richard H. 1994. Sixty-one years of secondary succession on rangelands of the Wyoming High Plains. Journal of Range Management. 47: 184-191. [23026]

125. Santos, Glenio L.; Trlica, M.J. 1978. Clipping effects on production and carbohydrate reserves of blue grama and western wheatgrass. In: Hyder, Donald N., ed. Proceedings, 1st International Rangeland Congress; 1978 August 14-18; Denver, CO. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 384-386. [2060]

126. Scheetz, J. G.; Majerus, M. E.; Carlson, J. R. 1981. Improved plant materials and their establishment to reclaim saline seeps in Montana. Agronomy Abstracts. 1981: 96. [2073]

127. Schmidt, S. K.; Reeves, F. B. 1989. Interference between Salsola kali L. seedlings: implications for plant succession. Plant and Soil. 116: 107-110. [9300]

128. Schripsema, Janet R. 1978. Ecological changes on pine-grassland burned in spring, late spring and winter. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota State University. 99 p. Thesis. [2092]

129. Schuster, J. L.; De Leon Garcia, Ricardo C. 1973. Phenology and forage production of cool season grasses in the Southern Plains. Journal of Range Management. 26(5): 336-339. [3912]

130. Sharp Bros. Seed Co. [n.d.]. Western wheatgrass. Fact Sheet. Amarillo, TX: Sharp Bros. Seed Co. 2 . [18005]

131. Sharp Brothers Seed Co. 1989. Grasses and forbs for erosion control. Fact Sheet. Amarillo, TX: Sharp Brothers Seed Co. 2 p. [18015]

132. Shiflet, Thomas N., ed. 1994. Rangeland cover types of the United States. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. 152 p. [23362]

133. Smith, Michael A. 1985. Prescribed burning of big sagebrush in Wyoming. In: Fisser, Herbert G., ed. Wyoming shrublands: Proceedings, 14th Wyoming shrub ecology workshop; 1985 May 29-30; Rock Springs, WY. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, Department of Range Management, Wyoming Shrub Ecology Workshop: 41-45. [13910]

134. Smith, Michael A.; Busby, Fee. 1981. Prescribed burning: effective control of sagebrush in Wyoming. RJ-165. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, Agricultural Experiment Station. 12 p. [2175]

135. Smith, Michael A.; Dodd, Jerrold L.; Rodgers, J. Daniel. 1985. Prescribed burning on Wyoming rangeland. Bull. 810. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming Agricultural Extension Service. 25 p. [2176]

136. Stahl, Peter D.; Christensen, Martha. 1982. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Bouteloua and Agropyron in Wyoming sagebrush-grasslands. Mycologia. 74(6): 877-885. [85]

137. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 10 p. [20090]

138. Swanson, George A.; Duebbert, Harold F. 1989. Wetland habitats of waterfowl in the prairie pothole region. In: van der Valk, Arnold, ed. Northern prairie wetlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press: 228-267. [15218]

139. Thornburg, Ashley A. 1982. Plant materials for use on surface-mined lands. SCS-TP-157. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 88 p. [3769]

140. Tiedeman, James A.; Francis, Richard E.; Terwilliger, Charles, Jr.; Carpenter, Len H. 1987. Shrub-steppe habitat types of Middle Park, Colorado. Res. Pap. RM-273. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 20 p. [2329]

141. Toole, Vivian K. 1976. Light and temperature control of germination in Agropyron smithii seeds. Plant & Cell Physiology. 17: 1263-1272. [95]

142. Trammel, Michael A.; Butler, Jack L. 1995. Effects of toxic plants on native ungulate use of habitat. Journal of Wildlife Management. 59(4): 808-816. [28316]

143. Trlica, M. J.; Buwai, M.; Menke, J. W. 1977. Effects of rest following defoliations on the recovery of several range species. Journal of Range Management. 30(1): 21-27. [2360]

144. Tweit, Susan J.; Houston, Kent E. 1980. Grassland and shrubland habitat types of the Shoshone National Forest. Cody, WY: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Shoshone National Forest. 143 p. [2377]

145. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1937. Range plant handbook. Washington, DC. 532 p. [2387]

146. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982. National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names. SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]

147. Vallentine, John F. 1971. Range development and improvements. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press. 516 p. [2414]

148. Volland, Leonard A.; Dell, John D. 1981. Fire effects on Pacific Northwest forest and range vegetation. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Range Management and Aviation and Fire Management. 23 p. [2434]

149. Walker, Scott C.; Stevens, Richard; Monsen, Stephen B.; Jorgensen, Kent R. 1995. Interaction between native and seeded introduced grasses for 23 years following chaining of juniper-pinyon woodlands. In: Roundy, Bruce A.; McArthur, E. Durant; Halley, Jennifer S.; Mann, David K., compilers. Proceedings: wildland shrub and arid land restoration symposium; 1993 October 19-21; Las Vegas, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-315. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 372-380. [24870]

150. Wambolt, Carl. 1981. Montana range plants: Common and scientific names. Bulletin 355. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University, Cooperative Extension Service. 27 p. [2450]

151. Wangberg, James K. 1984. Mechanisms of host plant selection by the cactus bug. In: Britton, Carlton M.; Smith, Loren M., eds. Research highlights--1984 noxious brush and weed control; range and wildlife management. Vol. 15. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University: 33-34. [2451]

152. Wasser, Clinton H. 1982. Ecology and culture of selected species useful in revegetating disturbed lands in the West. FWS/OBS-82/56. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services, Western Energy and Land Use Team. 347 p. Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA 22161; PB-83-167023. [2458]

153. Weaver, J. E.; Albertson, F. W. 1956. Grasslands of the Great Plains. Lincoln, NE: Johnsen Publishing Company. 395 p. [2463]

154. Weaver, J. E.; Zink, Ellen. 1946. Length of life of roots of ten species of perennial range and pasture grasses. Plant Physiology. 21: 201-217. [2465]

155. Weaver, T. 1982. Distribution of root biomass in well-drained surface soils. The American Midland Naturalist. 107(2): 393-395. [2469]

156. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]

157. Whisenant, Steven G. 1985. Effects of fire and/or atrazine on Japanese brome and western wheatgrass. Proceedings, Western Society for Weed Science. 38: 169-176. [3807]

158. Whisenant, Steven G.; Uresk, Dan W. [n.d.]. Effects of fire on vital attributes of a South Dakota, mixed prairie. Draft manuscript. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 23 p. [17135]

159. Whisenant, Steven G.; Uresk, Daniel W. 1989. Burning upland, mixed prairie in Badlands National Park. Prairie Naturalist. 21(4): 221-227. [11151]

160. Whisenant, Steven G.; Uresk, Daniel W. 1990. Spring burning Japanese brome in a western wheatgrass community. Journal of Range Management. 43(3): 205-208. [11139]

161. White, Larry M.; Newbauer, John J., III; Wight, J. Ross. 1978. Vegetational differences on native range during 38 years in eastern Montana. In: Hyder, Donald N., ed. Proceedings, 1st International Rangeland Congress; 1978 August 14-18; Denver, CO. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 260-262. [2535]

162. White, R. S.; Currie, P. O. 1981. Prescribed burning in northern mixed grass prairies. In: Field day proceedings. Miles City, MT: Livestock and Range Research Station: 40-43. [2538]

163. White, Richard S.; Currie, Pat O. 1983. Prescribed burning in the Northern Great Plains: yield and cover responses of 3 forage species in the mixed grass prairie. Journal of Range Management. 36(2): 179-183. [2541]

164. White, Richard S.; Currie, Pat O. 1984. The effects of burning on forage quality in three Northern Plains plant species. In: Abstracts--the 37th annual meeting of the Society for Range Management; 1984 February 12-17; Rapid City, SD. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. Abstract 078. [2543]

165. Whitman, W. C. 1954. Yield characteristisc of native grass ranges. Proceedings, North Dakota Acadamy of Sciences. 8: 14-19. [5810]

166. Whitman, Warren C. 1979. Analysis of grassland vegetation on selected key areas in southwestern North Dakota. Final Report on Contract No. 7-01-2. Bismark, ND: Regional Environmental Assessment Program. 199 p. [12529]

167. Whitson, Thomas D.; Ferrell, Mark A.; Alley, Harold P. 1988. Changes in rangeland canopy cover seven years after tebuthiuron application. Weed Technology. 2: 486-489. [6749]

168. Worcester, Lynda Lou. 1979. Effects of prescribed burning at different fuel moisture levels on vegetation and soils of grasslands in Wind Cave National Park. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University. 101 p. Thesis. [2602]

169. Wright, Henry A.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1982. Fire ecology: United States and southern Canada. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 501 p. [2620]

170. Wright, Henry A.; Neuenschwander, Leon F.; Britton, Carlton M. 1979. The role and use of fire in sagebrush-grass and pinyon-juniper plant communities: A state-of-the-art review. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-58. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 48 p. [2625]

171. Wright, John C.; Wright, Elnora A. 1948. Grassland types of south central Montana. Ecology. 29(4): 449-460. [2627]

172. Wydeven, Adrian P.; Dahlgren, Robert B. 1985. Ungulate habitat relationships in Wind Cave National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management. 49(3): 805-813. [57]

173. Young, Richard P. 1983. Fire as a vegetation management tool in rangelands of the Intermountain Region. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, compilers. Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats: Proceedings; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 18-31. [2681]

174. Zhang, Jun; Romo, James T. 1995. Impacts of defoliation on tiller production and survival in northern wheatgrass. Journal of Range Management. 48(2): 115-120. [27146]

Related categories for | Western Wheatgrass