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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Scirpus acutus | Hardstem Bulrush
REFERENCES : 1. Anderson, Bertin W.; Ohmart, Robert D.; Meents, Julie K.; Hunter, William C. 1984. Avian use of marshes on the lower Colorado River. In: Warner, Richard E.; Hendrix, Kathleen M., eds. California riparian systems: Ecology, conservation, and productive management: Proceedings of a conference; 1981 September 17-19; Davis, CA. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press: 598-604. [5861] 2. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 3. Bogiatto, Raymond J., II. 1990. Fall and winter food habits of American coots in the northern Sacramento Valley, California. California Fish and Game. 76(4): 211-215. [25182] 4. Boggs, Keith; Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 217 p. Draft Version 1. [8447] 5. Bolen, Eric G. 1964. Plant ecology of spring-fed salt marshes in western Utah. Ecological Monographs. 34(2): 143-166. [11214] 6. Bomberger, Mary L. 1984. Quantitative assessment of the nesting habitat of Wilson's phalarope. Wilson Bulletin. 96(1): 126-128. [11426] 7. Bray, Martin Paul. 1984. An evaluation of heron and egret marsh nesting habitat and possible effects of burning. Murrelet. 65: 57-59. [6875] 8. Brichta, Paul Harold. 1986. Environmental relationships among wetland community types of the northern range, Yellowstone National Park. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 74 p. Thesis. [6727] 9. Brotherson, Jack D. 1981. Aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation of Utah Lake and its bays. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs. 5: 68-84. [11212] 10. Capen, David E.; Low, Jessop B. 1980. Management considerations for nongame birds in western wetlands. In: DeGraaf, Richard M., technical coordinator. Management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds: Workshop proceedings; 1980 February 11-14; Salt Lake City, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-86. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 67-77. [17898] 11. Carpenter, Quentin J.; DeWitt, Calvin B. 1993. The effects of ant mounds and animal trails on vegetation pattern in calcareous fens. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 81: 23-30. [23453] 12. Castaner, David; LaPlante, David. 1992. The vegetation of Little Bean Marsh. Transactions, Missouri Academy of Science. 26: 27-34. [25183] 13. Cooper, James A. 1978. The history and breeding biology of the Canada geese of Marshy Point, Manitoba. Wildlife Monographs No. 61. Washington, DC: The Wildlife Society. 87 p. [18122] 14. Cowardin, Lewis M.; Gilmer, David S.; Shaiffer, Charles W. 1985. Mallard recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota. Wildlife Monographs No. 92. Washington, DC: The Wildlife Society. 37 p. [18150] 15. Dabbs, Don L. 1971. A study of Scirpus acutus and Scirpus validus in the Saskatchewan River delta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 49: 143-153. [25184] 16. Dirschl, German J.; Dabbs, Don L.; Gentle, Garry C. 1974. Landscape classification and plant successional trends in the Peace-Athabasca Delta. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 30. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Wildlife Service. 33 p. [6177] 17. Dix, R. L.; Smeins, F. E. 1967. The prairie, meadow, and marsh vegetation of Nelson County, North Dakota. Canadian Journal of Botany. 45: 21-58. [5528] 18. Evans, Keith E.; Kerbs, Roger R. 1977. Avian use of livestock watering ponds in western South Dakota. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-35. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 11 p. [19330] 19. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 20. Frolik, A. L. 1941. Vegetation on the peat lands of Dane County, Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs. 11(1): 117-140. [16805] 21. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 22. Giles, LeRoy W.; Marshall, David B. 1954. A large heron and egret colony on the Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, Nevada. Auk. 71: 322-325. [24971] 23. Glaser, Paul H.; Janssens, Jan A.; Siegel, Donald I. 1990. The response of vegetation to chemical and hydrological gradients in the Lost River peatland, northern Minnesota. Journal of Ecology. 78: 1021-1048. [14341] 24. Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York: New York Botanical Garden. 910 p. [20329] 25. Godfrey, Robert K.; Wooten, Jean W. 1979. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. 712 p. [16906] 26. Gorenzel, Warner P.; Ryder, Ronald A.; Braun, Clait E. 1981. American coot response to habitat change on a Colorado marsh. Southwestern Naturalist. 26(1): 59-65. [17677] 27. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603] 28. Hansen, Paul; Boggs, Keith; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central and eastern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, Montana Riparian Association. 279 p. [12477] 29. Hansen, Paul L.; Chadde, Steve W.; Pfister, Robert D. 1988. Riparian dominance types of Montana. Misc. Publ. No. 49. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station. 411 p. [5660] 30. Hansen, Paul; Chadde, Steve; Pfister, Robert; [and others]. 1988. Riparian site types, habitat types, and community types of southwestern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Riparian Association. 140 p. [5883] 31. Hansen, Paul; Pfister, Robert; Joy, John; [and others]. 1989. Classification and management of riparian sites in southwestern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Riparian Association. 292 p. Draft Version 2. [8900] 32. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed. Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p. [6851] 33. Harris, Stanley W. 1954. An ecological study of the waterfowl of the Potholes Area, Grant County, Washington. American Midland Naturalist. 52(2): 403-432. [11207] 34. Harris, Stanley W.; Marshall, William H. 1963. Ecology of water-level manipulations on a northern marsh. Ecology. 44(2): 331-343. [17808] 35. Hickman, James C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1400 p. [21992] 36. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168] 37. Holland, Robert F. 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Fish and Game. 156 p. [12756] 38. Hurd, Emerenciana G.; Shaw, Nancy L.; Smithman, Lynda C. 1994. Cyperaceae and Juncaceae--selected low-elevation species. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Kitchen, Stanley G., compilers. Proceedings--ecology and management of annual rangelands; 1992 May 18-22; Boise, ID. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-313. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 380-383. [24314] 39. Kadlec, John A.; Smith, Loren M. 1984. Marsh plant establishment on newly flooded salt flats. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 12: 388-394. [11220] 40. Kantrud, Harold A.; Millar, John B.; van der Valk, A. G. 1989. Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region. In: van der Valk, Arnold, ed. Northern prairie wetlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press: 132-187. [15217] 41. Kearney, Thomas H.; Peebles, Robert H.; Howell, John Thomas; McClintock, Elizabeth. 1960. Arizona flora. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1085 p. [6563] 42. Kirby, Donald R.; Green, Douglas M.; Mings, Thomas S. 1989. Nutrient composition of selected emergent macrophytes in northern prairie wetlands. Journal of Range Management. 42: 323-326. [6802] 43. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 44. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. [13798] 45. Larson, Gary E. 1993. Aquatic and wetland vascular plants of the Northern Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-238. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 681 p. [22534] 46. Lokemoen, John T.; Duebbert, Harold F.; Sharp, David E. 1990. Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal. Wildlife Monographs. 106: 1-28. [18102] 47. Martz, Gerald F. 1967. Effects of nesting cover removal on breeding puddle ducks. Journal of Wildlife Management. 31(2): 236-247. [16284] 48. Mason, Herbert L. 1957. A flora of the marshes of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 878 p. [16905] 49. Miller, A. Wendell. 1962. Waterfowl habitat improvement in California. In: Proceedings, annual conference of Western Association of State Fish & Game Commissioners. [Volume unknown]: 112-118. [15439] 50. Minckley, W. L.; Brown, David E. 1982. Wetlands. In: Brown, David E., ed. Biotic communities of the American Southwest--United States and Mexico. Desert Plants. 4(1-4): 223-287. [8898] 51. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155] 52. Nelson, Jeffrey W.; Kadlec, John A.; Murkin, Henry R. 1990. Seasonal comparisons of weight loss for two types of Typha glauca Godr. leaf litter. Aquatic Botany. 37(4): 299-314. [17426] 53. Novacek, Jean M. 1989. The water and wetland resources of the Nebraska sandhills. In: Vander Valk, Arnold, ed. Northern prairie wetlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press: 340-384. [15221] 54. Pederson, Roger L. 1981. Seed bank characteristics of the Delta Marsh, Manitoba: applications for wetland management. In: Richardson, B., ed. Midwest conference on wetland values and management: Selected proceedings; 1981 June 17-19; St. Paul, MN. Minneapolis, MN: Freshwater Society: 61-69. [24016] 55. Pederson, Roger L.; van der Valk, Arnold G. 1984. Vegetation change and seed banks in marshes: ecological and management implications. Transactions, North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 49: 271-280. [19512] 56. Pierce, John; Johnson, Janet. 1986. Wetland community type classification for west-central Montana. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, Ecosystem Management Program. 158 p. [Review draft]. [7436] 57. Porter, Duncan M. 1979. Rare and endangered vascular plant species in Virginia. Newton Corner, MA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 52 p. [16514] 58. Rabe, Fred W.; Chadde, Steve W. 1994. Classification of aquatic and semiaquatic wetland natural areas in Idaho and western Montana. Natural Areas Journal. 14(3): 175-187. [23962] 59. Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, C. Ritchie. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. 1183 p. [7606] 60. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843] 61. Rea, Amadeo M. 1988. Habitat restoration and avian recolonization from wastewater on the Middle Gila River, Arizona. In: Whitehead, E. E. [and others], eds. Proceedings, Arid lands conference; 1985; Tucson, AZ. [Place of publication unknown]: Bellhaven/Westview Press: 1395-1405. [9823] 62. Seischab, Franz K. 1984. Plant community development in the Byron-Bergen Swamp: marl-bed vegetation. Canadian Journal of Botany. 62: 1006-1017. [23731] 63. Shay, Jennifer M.; Macaulay, A. J.; Frego, K. A. 1988. A morphological comparison of Scirpus acutus and S. validus in southern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Botany. 66(11): 2331-2337. [21916] 64. Shiflet, Thomas N., ed. 1994. Rangeland cover types of the United States. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. 152 p. [23362] 65. Smith, Loren M.; Kadlec, John A. 1983. Seed banks and their role during drawdown of a North American marsh. Journal of Applied Ecology. 20: 673-684. [11196] 66. Smith, Loren M.; Kadlec, John A. 1985. Fire and herbivory in a Great Salt Lake marsh. Ecology. 66(1): 259-265. [7619] 67. Smith, Loren M.; Kadlec, John A. 1984. Effects of prescribed burning on nutritive quality of marsh plants in Utah. Journal of Wildlife Management. 48(1): 285-288. [24982] 68. Smith, Loren Michael. 1983. Effects of prescribed burning on the ecology of a Utah marsh. Logan, UT: Utah State University. 159 p. Dissertation. [10218] 69. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090] 70. Stoynoff, Nick A. 1993. A quantitative analysis of the vegetation of Bluff Spring Fen Nature Preserve. Transactions, Illinois State Academy of Science. 63(3&4): 93-110. [23734] 71. Swanson, George A.; Duebbert, Harold F. 1989. Wetland habitats of waterfowl in the prairie pothole region. In: van der Valk, Arnold, ed. Northern prairie wetlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press: 228-267. [15218] 72. Tester, John R.; Marshall, William H. 1962. Minnesota prairie management techniques and their wildlife implications. Proceedings, 27th North American Wildlife Conference. 27: 267-287. [14960] 73. Thorn, Terri D.; Zwank, Phillip J. 1993. Foods of migrating cinnamon teal in central New Mexico. Journal of Field Ornithology. 64(4): 452-463. [25185] 74. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Plants of the U.S.--alphabetical listing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 954 p. [23104] 75. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey. [n.d.]. NP Flora [Data base]. Davis, CA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey. [23119] 76. Voss, Edward G. 1972. Michigan flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and monocots. Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of Science; Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Herbarium. 488 p. [11471] 77. Walker, B. H.; Coupland, R. T. 1970. Herbaceous wetland vegetation in the aspen grove and grassland regions of Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Botany. 48: 1861-1878. [23547] 78. Ward, Edward. 1942. Phragmites management. Transactions, 7th North American Wildlife Conference. 7: 294-298. [14959] 79. Ward, P. 1968. Fire in relation to waterfowl habitat of the delta marshes. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1968 March 14-15; Tallahassee, FL. No. 8. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 255-267. [18932] 80. Ward, Peter. 1974. Fires in the marsh. Manitoba Nature. Summer: 16-27. [19484] 81. Weatherbee, Pamela B.; Crow, Garrett E. 1992. Natural plant communities of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Rhodora. 94(878): 171-209. [19726] 82. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944] 83. Whitlow, Thomas H.; Harris, Richard W.; Leiser, Andrew T. 1984. Experimenting with levee vegetation: some unexpected findings. In: Warner, Richard E.; Hendrix, Kathleen M., eds. California riparian systems: Ecology, conservation, and productive management: Proceedings of a conference; 1981 September 17-19; Davis, CA. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press: 558-565. [5858] 84. Wienhold, C. E.; van der Valk, A. G. 1989. The impact of duration of drainage on the seed banks of northern prairie wetlands. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67(6): 1878-1884. [13799] 85. Williams, Cecil S.; Marshall, Wm. H. 1938. Duck nesting studies, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah, 1937. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2(2): 29-52. [11191] 86. Willoughby, John W.; Davilla, William. 1984. Plant species composition and life form spectra of tidal streambanks and adjacent riparian woodlands along the lower Sacramento River. In: Warner, Richard E.; Hendrix, Kathleen M., eds. California riparian systems: Ecology, conservation, and productive management: Proceedings of a conference; 1981 September 17-19; Davis, CA. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press: 642-651. [5866] 87. Wofford, B. Eugene. 1989. Guide to the vascular plants of the Blue Ridge. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. 384 p. [12908] 88. 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