DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Cladonia (Cladina) spp. | Reindeer Lichen 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Reindeer lichens have a circumpolar distribution.  In North America,
they occur throughout Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States
southward to Florida and Alabama [11,19].

National Park occurrences are listed below by species.

Cladonia alpestris

ACAD    APOS    BELA    CAKR    DENA    DETO    DEWA    GAAR    GATE
GLAC    GRSO    HOSP    INDU    ISRO    KATM    KOVA    OLYM    PIRO
SACR    SHEN    SLBE    THRO    VOYA    YELL

Clandonia arbuscula

ACAD    APIS    BELA    CAKR    DENA    DEWA    GAAR    GLAC    GRSM
ILMI    ISRO    OLYM    PIRO    VOYA    YELL    YUCH

Cladonia rangiferina

ACAD    APIS    BELA    CAKR    CUVA    DENA    DEWA    GAAR    GRSM    
INDU    ISRO    KOVA    MORA    NOAT    NOCA    OLMY    PIRO    SACR   
SARA    SHEN    SLBE    THRO    VOYA    YELL    YUCH

Cladonia mitis

ACAD    APIS    CAKR    GAAR    GLAC    GRSM    INDU    ISRO    KATM
OLYM    PIRO    SACR    SLBE    THRO    VOYA    YELL    


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES44  Alpine


STATES : 
     AL  AK  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  FL  GA  ID
     IL  IA  MD  ME  MI  MN  MT  NH  NJ  NY
     NC  ND  OR  PA  RI  SC  SD  UT  VT  VA
     WA  WI  WY  AB  BC  MB  NB  NF  NT  NS
     ON  PE  PQ  SK  YT


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     SEE GENERAL DISTRIBUTION


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
   K109  Transition between K104 and K106
   K110  Northeastern oak - pine forest
   K111  Oak - hickory - pine forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    18  Paper birch
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    34  Red spruce - Fraser fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white-cedar
    38  Tamarack
   107  White spruce
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   251  White spruce - aspen
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce -  paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Reindeer lichens commonly occur as the dominant or codominant ground
cover on open sites dominanted by white spruce (Picea glauca), black
spruce (P. mariana), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), or jack pine
(Pinus banksiana).  The white spruce/Sphagnum spp.-Cladonia spp.
community type described by Foote [12] is characterized by woodland or
open forests often occurring on valley bottoms or on north-facing slopes
where ice-rich permafrost is present.  In this community type, Cladonia
rangiferina and C. arbuscula grow intermixed with Sphagnum spp.,
Schreber's moss (Pleurozium schreberi), and Polytrichum spp. [12].  The
black spruce/bog birch (Betula glandulosa)/Cladonia community type
decribed by Viereck [39] is fairly common on well-drained sites and near
treeline in interior, southwest, and northwest Alaska.  Published
classification schemes identifying Cladonia spp. as ground cover
dominants or codominants are as follows:

Classification, description and dynamics of plant communities following
  fire in the taiga of interior Alaska [12].
A preliminary classification system for vegetation of Alaska [39].

Related categories for Species: Cladonia (Cladina) spp. | Reindeer Lichen