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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Abies fraseri | Fraser Fir
REFERENCES :
1. Arnold, Roger J.; Jett, J. B.; Allen, H. L. 1992. Identification of
nutritional influences on cone production in Fraser fir. Soil Science
Society of America Journal. 56(2): 586-591. [18706]
2. Beck, Donald E. 1990. Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser fir. In:
Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics
of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 47-51. [13367]
3. Busing, Richard T.; Clebsch, Edward E. C.; Eagar, Christopher C.;
Pauley, Eric F. 1988. Two decades of change in a Great Smoky Mountains
spruce-fir forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 115(1): 25-31.
[4491]
4. Cain, Stanley A. 1931. Ecological studies of the vegetation of the Great
Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. Botanical Gazette. 91:
22-41. [10340]
5. Cogbill, C. V.; White, P. S. 1991. The latitude-elevation relationship
for spruce-fir forest and treeline along the Appalachian mountain chain.
Vegetatio. 94(2): 153-175. [16806]
6. Conover, M. R.; Kania, G. S. 1988. Browsing preference of white-tailed
deer for different ornamental species. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 16:
175-179. [8933]
7. Crandall, Dorothy L. 1958. Ground vegetation patterns of the spruce-fir
area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ecological Monographs.
28(4): 337-360. [11226]
8. DeSelm, H. R.; Boner, R. R. 1984. Understory changes in spruce-fir
during the first 16-20 years following the death of fir. In: White,
Peter S., ed. Southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem: its biology and
threats. Research/Resources Management Report SER-71. Atlanta, GA: U.S.
Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southeast Region:
51-69. [21927]
9. Duncan, Wilbur H.; Duncan, Marion B. 1988. Trees of the southeastern
United States. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. 322 p.
[12764]
10. Eagar, Christopher. 1984. Review of the biology and ecology of the
balsam woolly aphid in southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. In:
White, Peter S., ed. Southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem: its
biology and threats. Research/Resources Management Report SER-71.
Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
Southeast Region: 36-50. [21926]
11. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
12. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections
supplied by R. C. Rollins]. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press. 1632 p.
(Dudley, Theodore R., gen. ed.; Biosystematics, Floristic & Phylogeny
Series; vol. 2). [14935]
13. Fox, John F. 1977. Alternation and coexistence of tree species. American
Naturalist. 111(977): 69-89. [212]
14. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
15. Harmon, Mark E. 1981. Fire history of the Great Smoky Mountains National
Park--1940 to 1979. Research/Resources Management Report No. 46.
Gatlinburg, TN: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
Southeast Region, Great Smoky MountainsNational Park. 39 p. [20779]
16. Jacobs, Brian F.; Werth, Charles R.; Guttman, Sheldon I. 1984. Genetic
relationships in Abies (fir) of eastern United States: an
electrophoretic study. Canadian Journal of Botany. 62: 609-616. [21399]
17. Kartesz, John T.; Kartesz, Rosemarie. 1980. A synonymized checklist of
the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume
II: The biota of North America. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North
Carolina Press; in confederation with Anne H. Lindsey and C. Richie
Bell, North Carolina Botanical Garden. 500 p. [6954]
18. Klaehn, F. U.; Winieski, J. A. 1962. Interspecific hybridization in the
genus Abies. Silvae Genetica. 11: 130-142. [13494]
19. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
20. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native
and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952]
21. Oosting, H. J.; Billings, W. D. 1951. A comparison of virgin spruce-fir
forest in the northern and southern Appalachian system. Ecology. 32(1):
84-103. [11236]
22. Pauley, Eric F. 1989. Regeneration patterns of Fraser fir on Mt.
Collins, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. In: Wood, James D., Jr.,
compiler. Abstracts, 15th annual scientific research meeting, 1989 May
25-26; Gatlinburg, TN. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Southeast Regional Office: 6. Abstract. [15207]
23. Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, C. Ritchie. 1968. Manual of
the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of
North Carolina Press. 1183 p. [7606]
24. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
25. Robinson, John F.; Thor, Eyvind. 1969. Natural variation in Abies of the
southern Appalachians. Forest Science. 15(3): 238-245. [21398]
26. Saunders, Paul R.; Smathers, Garrett A.; Ramseur, George S. 1983.
Secondary succession of a spruce-fir burn in the Plott Balsam Mountains,
North Carolina. Castanea. 48(1): 41-47. [8658]
27. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
28. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
29. White, Peter S.; MacKenzie, Mark D.; Busing, Richard T. 1985. Natural
disturbance and gap phase dynamics in southern Appalachian spruce-fir
forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 233-240. [9294]
30. Whittaker, R. H. 1956. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains.
Ecological Monographs. 26(1): 1-79. [11108]
31. Reiners, William A,; Lang, Gerald E. 1979. Vegetational patterns and
processes in the balsam fir zone, White Mountains, New Hampshire.
Ecology. 60(2): 403-417. [14869]
32. Ramseur, George S. 1960. The vascular flora of high mountain communities
of the southern Appalachians. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Science
Society. 76: 82-112. [21401]
Related categories for Species: Abies fraseri
| Fraser Fir
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