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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Betula nigra | River Birch
REFERENCES :
1. Anderson, Roger C.; Schwegman, John E. 1991. Twenty years of
vegetational change on a southern Illinois barren. Natural Areas
Journal. 11(2): 100-107. [16256]
2. Barnes, W. J. 1985. Population dynamics of woody plants on a river
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3. Brush, Grace S.; Lenk, Cecilia; Smith, Joanne. 1980. The natural forests
of Maryland: an explanation of the vegetation map of Maryland.
Ecological Monographs. 50(1): 77-92. [19035]
4. Carlsmith, Anne. 1983. The river birch. Arnoldia. 44(1): 28-31. [21954]
5. Coyle, B. F.; Sharik, T. L.; Feret, P. P. 1983. The utility of
range-wide maps for identifying disjunct populations of river birch
(Betula nigra L.). Castanea. 48(4): 285-288. [21953]
6. Curtis, John T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: The
University of Wisconsin Press. 657 p. [7116]
7. Duncan, Wilbur H.; Duncan, Marion B. 1988. Trees of the southeastern
United States. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. 322 p.
[12764]
8. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
9. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
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barrens of New Jersey. Evolution. 35(1): 101-123. [8634]
11. Golden, Michael S. 1979. Forest vegetation of the lower Alabama
Piedmont. Ecology. 60(4): 770-782. [9643]
12. Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twery, Mark J. 1989. Gypsy moth impacts in
pine-hardwood mixtures. In: Waldrop, Thomas A., ed. Proceedings of
pine-hardwood mixtures: a symposium on management and ecology of the
type; 1989 April 18-19; Atlanta, GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-58. Asheville,
SC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest
Experiment Station: 50-58. [10257]
13. Grelen, H. E. 1990. Betula nigra L. river birch. In: Burns, Russell M.;
Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of North America.
Volume 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service: 153-157. [21817]
14. Hare, Robert C. 1965. Contribution of bark to fire resistance of
southern trees. Journal of Forestry. 63(4): 248-251. [9915]
15. Hodges, John D.; Switzer, George L. 1979. Some aspects of the ecology of
southern bottomland hardwoods. In: North America's forests: gateway to
opportunity: Proceedings, 1978 joint convention of the Society of
American Foresters and the Canadian Institute of Forestry. Washington,
DC: Society of American Foresters: 360-365. [10028]
16. Hook, D. D. 1984. Waterlogging tolerance of lowland tree species of the
South. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 8: 136-149. [19808]
17. Hotchkiss, Neil; Stewart, Robert E. 1947. Vegetation of the Patuxent
Research Refuge, Maryland. American Midland Naturalist. 38(1): 1-75.
[22000]
18. Hupp, Cliff R. 1992. Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following
stream channelization: a geomorphic perspective. Ecology. 73(4):
1209-1226. [19499]
19. Jones, Robert H.; Sharitz, Rebecca R.; McLeod, Kenneth W. 1989. Effects
of flooding and root competition on growth of shaded bottomland hardwood
seedlings. American Midland Naturalist. 121(1): 165-175. [10906]
20. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
21. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1971. Atlas of the United States trees. Volume 1.
Conifers and important hardwoods. Misc. Publ. 1146. Washington, DC: U.S.
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and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952]
23. McNab, W. Henry. 1991. Land classification in the Blue Ridge province:
state-of-the-science report. In: Mengel, Dennis L.; Tew, D. Thompson,
eds. Ecological land classification: applications to identify the
productive potential of southern forests: Proc. of a symp; 1991 January
7-9; Charlotte, NC. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-68. Asheville, NC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest
Experiment Station: 37-47. [15708]
24. Myers, Charles C.; Buchman, Roland G. 1984. Manager's handbook for
elm-ash-cottonwood in the North Central States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-98.
St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North
Central Forest Experiment Station. 11 p. [8919]
25. Penfound, William T. 1952. Southern swamps and marshes. The Botanical
Review. 18: 413-446. [11477]
26. Pollio, Carol A.; Davidson, Walter H. 1992. Native seed bank Brooklyn
Reclamation Project. Park Science. 12(1): 10-11. [17787]
27. Putnam, John A. 1951. Management of bottomland hardwoods. Occasional
Paper 116. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 60 p. [6748]
28. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
29. Smalley, Glendon W. 1984. Classification and evaluation of forest sites
in the Cumberland Mountains. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-50. New Orleans, LA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest
Experiment Station. 84 p. [9831]
30. Smalley, Glendon W. 1991. Classification & evaluation of forest sites on
the Natchez Trace State Forest, State Resort Park, and Wildlife
Management Area in w. Tennessee. SO-85. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. 73
p. [17980]
31. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
32. Tripepi, R. R.; Mitchell, C. A. 1984. Stem hypoxia and root respiration
of flooded maple and birch seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum. 60(4):
567-571. [12543]
33. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
34. Van Dersal, William R. 1938. Native woody plants of the United States,
their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture. 362 p. [4240]
35. Vines, Robert A. 1960. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the Southwest.
Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 1104 p. [7707]
36. Vogel, Willis G. 1981. A guide for revegetating coal minespoils in the
eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-68. Broomall, PA: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 190 p. [15577]
37. Ware, Stewart; Redfearn, Paul L., Jr.; Pyrah, Grant L.; Weber, Wallace
R. 1992. Soil pH, topography and forest vegetation in the central
Ozarks. American Midland Naturalist. 128(1): 40-52. [19722]
38. Wells, B. W. 1928. Plant communities of the Coastal Plain of North
Carolina and their successional relations. Ecology. 9(2): 230-242.
[9307]
39. Whitford, Philip Clason. 1990. River birch in central Wisconsin: a case
study of colonization. Michigan Botanist. 29(4): 115-120. [21951]
40. Wolfe, Carl B., Jr.; Pittillo, J. Dan. 1977. Some ecological factors
influencing the distribution of Betula nigra L. in western North
Carolina. Castanea. 42(1): 18-30. [21952]
41. McGarity, R. W. 1979. Young sweetgum responds to early merchantable
thinning. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 3(4): 157-160. [10617]
42. Koevenig, James L. 1976. Effect of climate, soil physiography and seed
germination on the distribution of river birch (Betula nigra). Rhodora.
78(815): 420-437. [21950]
Related categories for Species: Betula nigra
| River Birch
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