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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Fraxinus nigra | Black Ash
REFERENCES :
1. Barnes, Burton V. 1976. Succession in deciduous swamp communities of
southeastern Michigan formerly dominated by American elm. Canadian
Journal of Botany. 54: 19-24. [4914]
2. Bergeron, Yves. 1991. The influence of island and mainland lakeshore
landscapes on boreal forest fire regimes. Ecology. 72(6): 1980-1992.
[17186]
3. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
4. Bonner, F. T. 1974. Fraxinus ash. In: Schopmeyer, C. S., ed. Seeds of
woody plants in the United States. Agriculture Handbook No. 450.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 411-416.
[7668]
5. Brand, Gary J. 1985. Environmental indices for common Michigan trees and
shrubs. Res. Pap. NC-261. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Northcentral Forest Experiment Station. 5 p. [14465]
6. Braun, E. Lucy. 1961. The woody plants of Ohio. Columbus, OH: Ohio State
University Press. 362 p. [12914]
7. Bray, J. Roger. 1956. Gap phase replacement in a maple-basswood forest.
Ecology. 37(3): 598-600. [13003]
8. Brundrett, Mark; Murase, Gracia; Kendrick, Bryce. 1990. Comparative
anatomy of roots and mycorrhizae of common Ontario trees. Canadian
Journal of Botany. 68: 551-578. [11380]
9. Collingwood, G. H. 1937. Knowing your trees. Washington, DC: The
American Forestry Association. 213 p. [6316]
10. Cooper, William S. 1913. The climax forest of Isle Royale, Lake
Superior, and its development. III. Botanical Gazette. 55(3): 189-235.
[11539]
11. Cumming, H. G. 1987. Sixteen years of moose browse surveys in Ontario.
Alces. 23: 125-156. [8859]
12. Dansereau, Pierre. 1959. The principal plant associations of the Saint
Lawrence Valley. No. 75. Montreal, Canada: Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ.
Montreal. 147 p. [8925]
13. Erdmann, Gayne G.; Crow, Thomas R.; Peterson, Ralph M., Jr.; Wilson,
Curtis D. 1987. Managing black ash in the Lake States. Gen. Tech. Rep.
NC-115. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
North Central Forest Experiment Station. 10 p. [22296]
14. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
15. Frank, Robert M. 1990. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. balsam fir. In: Burns,
Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of
North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 26-35. [13365]
16. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
17. Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of
northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York: New
York Botanical Garden. 910 p. [20329]
18. Godman, Richard M.; Mattson, Gilbert A. 1976. Seed crops and
regeneration problems of 19 species in northeastern Wisconsin. Res. Pap.
NC-123. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
North Central Forest Experiment Station. 5 p. [3715]
19. Habeck, J. R.; Curtis, J. T. 1959. Forest cover and deer population
densities in early northern Wisconsin. Transactions, Wisconsin Academy
of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 48: 49-56. [16405]
20. Heinselman, Miron L. 1981. Fire intensity and frequency as factors in
the distribution and structure of northern ecosystems. In: Mooney, H.
A.; Bonnicksen, T. M.; Christensen, N. L.; [and others], technical
coordinators. Fire regimes and ecosystem properties: Proceedings of the
conference; 1978 December 11-15; Honolulu, HI. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-26.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 7-57.
[4390]
21. Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native trees of Canada. 7th ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Forestry. 380 p. [3375]
22. Johnston, William F. 1990. Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch tamarack. In:
Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics
of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 141-151. [13379]
23. Johnston, William F. 1990. Thuja occidentalis L. northern white-cedar.
In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators.
Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 580-589.
[13418]
24. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
25. Levy, Gerald F. 1970. The phytosociology of northern Wisconsin upland
openings. American Midland Naturalist. 83: 213-237. [9986]
26. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native
and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952]
27. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
28. Reuter, D. Dayton. 1986. Effects of prescribed burning, cutting and
torching on shrubs in a sedge meadow wetland. In: Koonce, Andrea L., ed.
Prescribed burning in the Midwest: state-of-the-art: Proceedings of a
symposium; 1986 March 3-6; Stevens Point, WI. Stevens Point, WI:
University of Wisconsin, College of Natural Resources, Fire Science
Center: 108-115. [16278]
29. Rudolf, Paul O. 1990. Pinus resinosa Ait. red pine. In: Burns, Russell
M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of North
America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 442-455. [13246]
30. Stephens, H. A. 1973. Woody plants of the North Central Plains.
Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas. 530 p. [3804]
31. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
32. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
33. Van Dersal, William R. 1938. Native woody plants of the United States,
their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture. 362 p. [4240]
34. Wang, B. S. P. 1974. Tree-seed storage. Publication No. 1335. Ottawa,
Canada: Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry Service. 32 p.
[17267]
35. Williams, Arthur B. 1936. The composition and dynamics of a beech-maple
climax community. Ecological Monographs. 6(3): 318-408. [8346]
36. Wright, Henry A.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1982. Fire ecology: United States
and southern Canada. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 501 p. [2620]
37. Wright, Jonathan W.; Rauscher, H. Michael. 1990. Fraxinus nigra Marsh.
black ash. In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical
coordinators. Silvics of North America: Vol. 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture
Handbook 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service: 344-347. [22499]
Related categories for Species: Fraxinus nigra
| Black Ash
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