DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Picea abies | Norway Spruce 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Norway spruce is native to the European Alps, the Balkan mountains, and
the Carpathians, its range extending north to Scandinavia and merging
with Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in northern Russia [50].  It was
introduced to the British Isles as early as 1500 AD, and is widely
planted in North America, particularly in the northeastern United
States, southeastern Canada, the Pacific Coast states, and the Rocky
Mountain states [47,50].  Naturalized populations are known from
Connecticut to Michigan and probably occur elsewhere [47].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch


STATES : 
     CT  HI  IL  IN  ME  MA  MI  NY  PA


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ALPO  DEWA  EFMO  GRSM  JOFL  MORR
     SARA  SHEN  SLBE  VAFO


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
NO-ENTRY


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
   K109  Transition between K104 and K106


SAF COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
In its native range, Norway spruce occurs in pure stands, transitional
stands mixed with Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), or mixed stands with
European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and European silver fir (Abies alba).
Scattered Norway spruce occurs in seral stands of European aspen
(Populus tremula) or hairy birch (Betula pubescens).  Classification
systems for Scandinavian forests where Norway spruce and/or Scotch pine
are the major species are based on ground vegetation [11].  Common
groundlayer species include bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), lingonberry
(V. vitis-idaea), heather (Calluna vulgaris), and woodsorrel (Oxalis
spp.)  [5].  Good sites for Norway spruce occur on Oxalis-Myrtillus
types and fair sites are indicated by Myrtillus.  Vaccinium types are
usually rather barren and not suited for good spruce growth [79].
Understory species most often associated with Norway spruce in Poland
include raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and European mountain-ash (Sorbus
aucuparia).  Mature Norway spruce forests typically have very little
groundlayer vegetation [5].

Related categories for Species: Picea abies | Norway Spruce