DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Pinus muricata | Bishop Pine 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Bishop pine occurs in disjunct populations in coastal California from
Humboldt County south to Santa Barbara County.  It is also found on
Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands, and in Baja California, Mexico
[8,21,22,28].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES42  Annual grasslands


STATES : 
     CA  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     CHIS  PORE  REDW


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    3  Southern Pacific Border


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K006  Redwood forest
   K009  Pine - cypress forest
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest
   K033  Chaparral
   K035  Coastal sagebrush
   K048  California steppe


SAF COVER TYPES : 
   218  Lodgepole pine
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   232  Redwood
   255  California coast live oak


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Bishop pine is frequently dominant in closed-cone pine forests
[15,27,37,42,44].  Stands are open with little or no understory on dry,
rocky sites, with a more dense understory on moist sites [15].  Bishop
pine also occurs in mesic border areas of woodlands and savannas [27].

In the northern part of its range, bishop pine occurs in pure stands and
in redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii),
and pygmy forests [15,26,28,44].  In the southern portion of its
range, it is found in annual grassland, coastal sage scrub, and chaparral
communities.  Scattered bisop pine stands often form a mosaic with these
communities [6,15,18,44].

Bishop pine is named as a dominant tree in the following published
classifications:

Terrestrial natural communities of California [15]
A vegetation classification system applied to southern California [36]
The southern California islands [37]
Vascular plant communities of California [42]
The closed-cone pines and cypress [44]

Associated canopy species not previosly mentioned include Gowen cypress
(Cupressus goveniana ), Monterey cypress (C. macrocarpa), Tecate cypress
(C. guadalupensis var. forbesii), Mendocino cypress (C.  goveniana var.
pigmaea), Bolander pine (Pinus contorta var. bolanderi), Monterey pine
(Pinus radiata), and Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) [3,6,17,26,45].
Understory associates include glossyleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos
nummularia), woollyleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos tomentosa), Pacific
rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum), California huckleberry
(Vaccinium ovatum), and salal (Gautheria shallon) [3,15,17,26,44].

Related categories for Species: Pinus muricata | Bishop Pine