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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Pinus strobus | Eastern White Pine
REFERENCES : 1. Abbott, Herschel G.; Quink, Thomas F. 1970. Ecology of eastern white pine seed caches made by small forest mammals. Ecology. 51(2): 271-278. [17702] 2. Baker, Frederick S. 1949. A revised tolerance table. Journal of Forestry. 47: 179-181. [20404] 3. Callaway, Ragan M.; Clebsch, Edward E. C.; White, Peter S. 1987. A multivariate analysis of forest communities in the western Great Smoky Mountains National Park. American Midland Naturalist. 118(1): 107-120. [15604] 4. Capen, David E. 1979. Management of northeastern pine forests for nongame birds. In: DeGraaf, Richard M.; Evans, Keith E., compilers. Management of north central and northeastern forests for nongame birds: Proceedings of the workshop; 1979 January 23-25; Minneapolis, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-51. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 90-109. [18082] 5. Cary, Austin. 1936. White pine and fire. Journal of Forestry. 34(1): 62-65. [14458] 6. Cumming, H. G. 1987. Sixteen years of moose browse surveys in Ontario. Alces. 23: 125-156. [8859] 7. Curtis, John T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. 657 p. [7116] 8. Damman, A. W. H. 1977. Geographical changes in the vegetation pattern of raised bogs in the Bay of Fundy region of Maine and New Brunswick. Vegetatio. 35(3): 137-151. [10158] 9. Dansereau, Pierre. 1959. The principal plant associations of the Saint Lawrence Valley. No. 75. Montreal, Canada: Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal. 147 p. [8925] 10. DeGraaf, Richard M; Shigo, Alex L. 1985. Managing cavity trees for wildlife in the Northeast. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-101. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 21 p. [13481] 11. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 12. Fashingbauer, Bernard A.; Moyle, John B. 1963. Nutritive value of red-osier dogwood and mountain maple as deer browse. Minnesota Academy of Science Proceedings. 31(1): 73-77. [9246] 13. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 14. Gill, David S.; Marks, P. L. 1991. Tree and shrub seedling colonization of old fields in central New York. Ecological Monographs. 61(2): 183-205. [14486] 15. Glitzenstein, Jeff S.; Canham, Charles D.; McDonnell, Mark J.; Streng, Donna R. 1990. Effects of environment and land-use history on upland forests of the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 117(2): 106-122. [13301] 16. Heinselman, Miron L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research. 3: 329-382. [282] 17. Heinselman, Miron L. 1981. Fire intensity and frequency as factors in the distribution and structure of northern ecosystems. In: Mooney, H. A.; Bonnicksen, T. M.; Christensen, N. L.; [and others], technical coordinators. Fire regimes and ecosystem properties: Proceedings of the conference; 1978 December 11-15; Honolulu, HI. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-26. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 7-57. [4390] 18. Henry, J. D.; Swan, J. M. A. 1974. Reconstructing forest history from live and dead plant material- an approach to the study of forest succession in southwest New Hampshire. Ecology. 55: 772-783. [8725] 19. Hibbs, David E. 1982. White pine in the transition hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Botany. 60: 2046-2053. [20411] 20. Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native trees of Canada. 7th ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Forestry. 380 p. [3375] 21. Huntly, Nancy; Inouye, Richard. 1988. Pocket gophers in ecosystems: patterns and mechanisms. BioScience. 38(11): 786-793. [1937] 22. Johnson, A. H.; Siccama, T. G.; Wang, D.; [and others]. 1981. Recent changes in patterns of tree growth rate in the New Jersey pinelands: a possible effect of acid rain. Journal of Environmental Quality. 10(4): 427-430. [8633] 23. Johnson, Edward A. 1992. Fire and vegetation dynamics: studies from the North American boreal forest. Cambridge Studies in Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 129 p. [19950] 24. Kayll, A. J. 1968. Heat tolerance of tree seedlings. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1968 March 14-15; Tallahassee, FL. No. 8. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 89-105. [17849] 25. Kotar, John; Kovach, Joseph A.; Locey, Craig T. 1988. Field guide to forest habitat types of northern Wisconsin. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, Department of Forestry; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 217 p. [11510] 26. Krugman, Stanley L.; Jenkinson, James L. 1974. Pinaceae--pine family. In: Schopmeyer, C. S., technical coordinator. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handb. 450. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 598-637. [1380] 27. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 28. Kudish, Michael. 1992. Adirondack upland flora: an ecological perspective. Saranac, NY: The Chauncy Press. 320 p. [19376] 29. Kurmis, Vilis; Webb, Sara L.; Merriam, Lawrence C., Jr. 1986. Plant communities of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Botany. 64: 531-540. [16088] 30. Landers, J. Larry. 1991. Disturbance influences on pine traits in the southeastern United States. In: Proceedings, 17th Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1989 May 18-21; Tallahassee, FL. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 61-95. [17601] 31. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952] 32. Little, Silas. 1974. Effects of fire on temperate forests: northeastern United States. In: Kozlowski, T. T.; Ahlgren, C. E., eds. Fire and ecosystems. New York: Academic Press: 225-250. [9859] 33. Maissurow, D. K. 1935. Fire as a necessary factor in the perpetuation of white pine. Journal of Forestry. 33: 373-378. [14453] 34. Mathisen, John E. 1968. Identification of bald eagle and osprey nests in Minnesota. Loon. 40(4): 113-114. [13996] 35. Methven, Ian R. 1971. Prescribed fire, crown scorch and mortality: field and laboratory studies on red and white pine. Information Report PS-X-31. Chalk River, ON: Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry Service, Petawawa Forest Experiment Station. 10 p. [8669] 36. Methven, Ian R. 1973. Fire, succession and community structure in a red and white pine stand. Information Report PS-X-43. Chalk River, ON: Environment Canada, Forestry Service, Petawawa Forest Experiment Station. 18 p. [18601] 37. Monk, Carl D.; Imm, Donald W.; Potter, Robert L.; Parker, Geoffrey G. 1989. A classification of the deciduous forest of eastern North America. Vegetatio. 80: 167-181. [9297] 38. Niering, William A.; Goodwin, Richard H.; Taylor, Sally. 1971. Prescribed burning in southern New England: introduction to long-range studies. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1970 August 20-21; Fredericton, NB. No. 10. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 267-286. [15704] 39. Nowacki, Gregory J.; Abrams, Marc D. 1992. Community, edaphic, and historical analysis of mixed oak forests of the Ridge and Valley Province in central Pennsylvania. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 22: 790-800. [19216] 40. Ohmann, Lewis F. 1979. Northeastern and north central forest types and their management. In: DeGraaf, Richard M.; Evans, Keith E., compilers. Management of north central and northeastern forests for nongame birds: Proceedings of the workshop; 1979 January 23-25; Minneapolis, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-51. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 22-31. [18074] 41. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Ream, Robert R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Res. Pap. NC-63. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 55 p. [9271] 42. Olson, Jerry S. 1958. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes. Botanical Gazette. 119(3): 125-170. [10557] 43. Perry, Jesse P., Jr. 1991. The pines of Mexico and Central America. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 231 p. [20328] 44. Quinby, Peter A. 1991. Self-replacement in old-growth white pine forests of Temagami, Ontario. Forest Ecology and Management. 41: 95-109. [15381] 45. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843] 46. Raup, Hugh M. 1940. Old field forests of southeastern New England. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 21: 266-273. [12135] 47. Raynal, D. J.; Roman, J. R.; Eichenlaub, W. M. 1982. Response of tree seedlings to acid precipitation. I. Effect of substrate acidity on seed germination. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 22(3): 377-383. [12531] 48. Rogers, Lynn L.; Wilker, Gregory A.; Scott, Sally S. 1990. Managing natural populations of black bears in wilderness. In: Lime, David W., ed. Managing America's enduring wilderness resource: Proceedings of the conference; 1989 September 11-17; Minneapolis, MN. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: 363-366. [15409] 49. Scheiner, Samuel M.; Teeri, James A. 1981. A 53-year record of forest succession following fire in northern lower Michigan. Michigan Botanist. 20(1): 3-14. [5022] 50. Schier, George A. 1987. Germination and early growth of four pine species on soil treated with simulated acid rain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1190-1196. [8632] 51. Shirley, Hardy L. 1945. Reproduction of upland conifers in the Lake States as affected by root competition and light. American Midland Naturalist. 33(3): 537-612. [10367] 52. Squiers, Edwin R.; Klosterman, Jane E. 1981. Spatial patterning and competition in an aspen-white pine successional system. American Journal of Botany. 68(6): 790-794. [17843] 53. Spurr, Stephen H. 1956. Forest associations in the Harvard Forest. Ecological Monographs. 26(3): 245-262. [7451] 54. Stearns, Forest. 1951. The composition of the sugar maple-hemlock-yellow birch association in northern Wisconsin. Ecology. 32(2): 245-265. [10588] 55. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090] 56. Thomas, P. A.; Wein, Ross W. 1985. The influence of shelter and the hypothetical effect of fire severity on the postfire establishment of conifers from seed. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 148-155. [7291] 57. Thomas, P. A.; Wein, Ross W. 1985. Delayed emergence of four conifer species on postfire seedbeds in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 727-729. [7882] 58. Torbert, J. L.; Tuladhar, A. R.; Burger, J. A.; Bell, J. C. 1988. Minesoil property effects on the height of ten-year-old white pine. Journal of Environmental Quality. 17(2): 189-192. [8697] 59. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982. National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names. SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573] 60. Van Wagner, C. E. 1971. Fire and red pine. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1970 August 20-21; Fredericton, NB. No. 10. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 211-219. [18940] 61. Van Wagner, C. E.; Methven, I. R. 1978. Prescribed fire for site preparation in white and red pine. In: Cameron, D. A, compiler. White and red pine symposium; 1977 September 20-22; Chalk River, ON. Symposium Proceedings O-P-6. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre: 95-101. [8670] 62. Vincent, Gilles; Bergeron, Yves; Meilleur, Alain. 1986. Plant community pattern analysis: a cartographic approach applied in the Lac des Deux-Montagnes area (Quebec). Canadian Journal of Botany. 64: 326-335. [16948] 63. Vogel, Willis G. 1977. Revegetation of surface-mined lands in the East. In: Forests for people: A challenge in world affairs: Proc. of the Society of American Foresters 1977 national convention; 1977 October 2-6; Albuquerque, NM. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters: 167-172. [9949] 64. Vogel, Willis G. 1981. A guide for revegetating coal minesoils in the eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-68. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 190 p. [15576] 65. Vogl, Richard J. 1977. Fire: a destructive menace or a natural process?. In: Cairns, J., Jr.; Dickson, K. L.; Herricks, E. E., eds. Recovery and restoration of damaged ecosystems: Proceedings of the international symposium; 1975 March 23-25; Blacksburg, VA. Charlottesvile, VA: University Press of Virginia: 261-289. [10055] 66. Wade, D. D.; Debarr, G. L.; Barber, L. R.; Manchester, E. 1989. Prescribed fire - a cost effective control for white pine cone beetle. In: MacIver, D. C.; Auld, H.; Whitewood, R., eds. Proceedings, 10th conference on fire and forest meteorology; 1989 April 17-21; Ottawa, ON. [Place of publication unkown]: [Publisher unknown]: 117-121. [Copies available from: Petawawa National Forestry Institute; Department of Forest Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Canadian Climate Centre, Downsview, ON]. [13522] 67. Wendel, G. W.; Della, Bianca, Lino; Russell, James; Lancaster, Kenneth F. 1983. Eastern white pine including eastern hemlock. In: Burns, Russell M., tech. comp. Silvicultural systems for the major forest types of the United States. Agric. Handb. 445. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 131-134. [20409] 68. Wendel, G. W.; Smith, H. Clay. 1990. Pinus strobus L. eastern white pine. In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 476-488. [13408] 69. Wright, Henry A.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1982. Fire ecology: United States and southern Canada. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 501 p. [2620]

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