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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Populus grandidentata | Bigtooth Aspen
REFERENCES : 1. Ahlgren, C. E. 1957. Phenological observations of nineteen native tree species in northeastern Minnesota. Ecology. 38(4): 622-628. [74] 2. Alban, David H.; Perala, Donald A.; Jurgensen, Martin F.; [and others]. 1991. Aspen ecosystem properties in the Upper Great Lakes. Res. Pap. NC-300. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 47 p. [18412] 3. Allen, Arthur W.; Jordan, Peter A.; Terrell, James W. 1987. Habitat suitability index models: moose, Lake Superior region. Biol. Rep. 82 (10.155). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 47 p. [11710] 4. Anderson, Neil A.; French, David W.; Furnier, Glenn R.; [and others]. 1990. A summary of aspen genetic improvement research at the University of Minnesota. In: Adams, Roy D., ed. Aspen symposium '89: Proceedings of symposium; 1989 July 25-27; Duluth, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-140. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 231-235. [12834] 5. Back, Gary N. 1979. Avian communities and management guidelines of the aspen-birch forest. In: DeGraaf, Richard M.; Evans, Keith E., compilers. Management of north central and northeastern forests for nongame birds: Proceedings of the workshop; 1979 January 23-25; Minneapolis, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-51. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 67-79. [18079] 6. Baker, Frederick S. 1949. A revised tolerance table. Journal of Forestry. 47: 179-181. [20405] 7. Barnes, Burton V. 1969. Natural variation and delineation of clones of Populus tremuloides and P. grandidentata in northern lower Michigan. Silvae Genetica. 18: 130-142. [2887] 8. Bates, Peter C.; Blinn, Charles R.; Alm, Alvin A. 1990. A survey of the harvesting histories of some poorly regenerated aspen stands in northern Minnesota. In: Adams, Roy D., ed. Aspen symposium '89: Proceedings of symposium; 1989 July 25-27; Duluth, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-140. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 221-230. [12828] 9. Blinn, Charles R.; Buckner, Edward R. 1989. Normal foliar nutrient levels in North American forest trees: A summary. Station Bulletin 590-1989. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 27 p. [15282] 10. Cahayla-Wynne, Richard; Glenn-Lewin, David C. 1978. The forest vegetation of the Driftless Area, northeast Iowa. American Midland Naturalist. 100(2): 307-319. [10385] 11. Campa, Henry, III; Haufler, Jonathan B.; Beyer, Dean E., Jr. 1992. Effects of simulated ungulate browsing on aspen characteristics and nutritional qualities. Journal of Wildlife Management. 56(1): 158-164. [19705] 12. Chapman, William K.; Bessette, Alan E. 1990. Trees and shrubs of the Adirondacks. Utica, NY: North Country Books, Inc. 131 p. [12766] 13. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 14. Faust, Mildred E. 1936. Germination of Populus grandidentata and P. tremuloides, with particular reference to oxygen consumption. Botanical Gazette. 97: 808-821. [10337] 15. Fechner, Gilbert H.; Barrows, Jack S. 1976. Aspen stands as wildfire fuel breaks. Eisenhower Consortium Bulletin 4. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 26 p. In cooperation with: Eisenhower Consortium for Western Environmental Forestry Research. [7611] 16. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 17. Gates, Frank C. 1930. Aspen association in northern lower Michigan. Botanical Gazette. 40(3): 233-259. [16933] 18. Godman, Richard M.; Mattson, Gilbert A. 1976. Seed crops and regeneration problems of 19 species in northeastern Wisconsin. Res. Pap. NC-123. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 5 p. [3715] 19. Grimm, Eric C. 1984. Fire and other factors controlling the Big Woods vegetation of Minnesota in the mid-nineteenth century. Ecological Monographs. 54(3): 291-311. [22170] 20. Gullion, Gordon W. 1990. Management of aspen for ruffed grouse and other wildlife--an update. In: Adams, Roy D., ed. Aspen symposium '89: Proceedings; 1989 July 25-27; Duluth, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-140. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 133-143. [12425] 21. Hardin, Kimberly I.; Evans, Keith E. 1977. Cavity nesting bird habitat in the oak-hickory forests--a review. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-30. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 23 p. [13859] 22. Hart, John H. 1990. Effect of gypsy moth on aspen in Michigan. In: Adams, Roy D., ed. Aspen symposium '89: Proceedings; 1989 July 25-27; Duluth, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-140. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 173-176. [12429] 23. Heinselman, Miron L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research. 3: 329-382. [282] 24. Heinselman, Miron L. 1981. Fire intensity and frequency as factors in the distribution and structure of northern ecosystems. In: Mooney, H. A.; Bonnicksen, T. M.; Christensen, N. L.; [and others], technical coordinators. Fire regimes and ecosystem properties: Proceedings of the conference; 1978 December 11-15; Honolulu, HI. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-26. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 7-57. [4390] 25. Horton, K. W.; Hopkins, E. J. 1966. Influence of fire on aspen suckering. Department of Forestry Publication No. 1095. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Ministry of Forestry. 19 p. [3694] 26. Hughes, H. Glenn. 1990. Ecological restoration: fact or fantasy on strip-mined lands in western Pennsylvania?. In: Hughes, H. Glenn; Bonnicksen, Thomas M., eds. Restoration '89: the new management challenge: Proceedings, 1st annual meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration; 1989 January 16-20; Oakland, CA. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Arboretum, Society for Ecological Restoration: 237-243. [14699] 27. Johnson, Von J. 1975. Hardwood fuel-breaks for northeastern United States. Journal of Forestry. 73(9): 588-589. [10921] 28. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 29. Laidly, Paul R. 1990. Populus grandidentata Michx. bigtooth aspen. In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., tech. coords. Silvics of North America: Volume 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 544-550. [22772] 30. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952] 31. Loomis, Robert M. 1982. Seasonal variations in ash content of some Michigan forest floor fuels. Res. Note NC-279. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 3 p. [13243] 32. Maini, J. S. 1967. Variation in the vegetative propagation of Populus in natural populations. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 48: 75-76. [3906] 33. Morley, Peter M.; Balatinecz, John J. 1993. Poplar utilization in Canada: past, present and future. Forestry Chronicle. 69(1): 46-52. [20573] 34. Newton, Michael; Cole, Elizabeth C.; White, Diane E.; McCormack, Maxwell L., Jr. 1992. Young spruce-fir forests released by herbicides. I. Response of hardwoods and shrubs. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. 9(4): 126-130. [18421] 35. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Ream, Robert R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Res. Pap. NC-63. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 55 p. [9271] 36. Ostrom, Arnold J. 1983. Tree and shrub biomass estimates for Michigan, 1980. Res. Note NC-302. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 7 p. [8162] 37. Palik, Brian J.; Pregitzer, Kurt S. 1992. A comparison of presettlement and present-day forests on two bigtooth aspen-dominated landscapes in northern lower Michigan. American Midland Naturalist. 127(2): 327-338. [18188] 38. Palik, Brian J.; Pregitzer, Kurt S. 1993. The vertical development of early successional forests in northern Michigan, USA. Journal of Ecology. 81: 271-285. [21523] 39. Pastor, John; Bockheim, J. G. 1981. Biomass and production of an aspen-mixed hardwood-spodosol ecosystem in northern Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 11: 132-138. [16937] 40. Perala, Donald A. 1974. Prescribed burning in an aspen-mixed hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 4: 222-228. [5816] 41. Perala, Donald A. 1977. Manager's handbook for aspen in the north central states. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-36. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 30 p. [5632] 42. Perala, Donald A. 1983. Shearing restores full productivity to sparse aspen stands. Res. Note NC-296. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 4 p. [16938] 43. Perala, Donald A.; Carpenter, Eugene M. 1985. Aspen: An American wood. FS-217. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 8 p. [4122] 44. Peterson, E. B.; Peterson, N. M. 1992. Ecology, management, and use of aspen and balsam poplar in the Prairie Provinces, Canada. Special Report 1. Edmonton, AB: Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre. 252 p. [22689] 45. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843] 46. Riffle, Jerry W.; Peterson, Glenn W., technical coordinators. 1986. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-129. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 149 p. [16989] 47. Roberts, Mark R.; Christensen, Norman L. 1988. Vegetation variation among mesic successional forest stands in northern lower Michigan. Canadian Journal of Botany. 66(6): 1080-1090. [14479] 48. Rouse, Cary. 1986. Fire effects in northeastern forests: aspen. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-102. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 8 p. [3247] 49. Safford, L. O.; Czapowskyj, M. M. 1986. Fertilizer stimulates growth and mortality in a young Populus--Betula stand: 10-year results. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 16(4): 807-813. [12635] 50. Sakai, Ann K.; Roberts, Mark R.; Jolls, Claudia L. 1985. Successional changes in a mature aspen forest in northern lower Michigan: 1974-1981. American Midland Naturalist. 113(2): 271-282. [4450] 51. Sakai, Ann K.; Sharik, Terry L. 1988. Clonal growth of male and female bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata). Ecology. 69(6): 2031-2033. [6168] 52. Scheiner, Samuel M.; Sharik, Terry L.; Roberts, Mark R.; Vande Kopple, Robert. 1988. Tree density and modes of tree recruitment in a Michigan pine-hardwood forest after clear-cutting and burning. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 102(4): 634-638. [8718] 53. Scheiner, Samuel M.; Teeri, James A. 1981. A 53-year record of forest succession following fire in northern lower Michigan. Michigan Botanist. 20(1): 3-14. [5022] 54. Schier, George A.; Jones, John R.; Winokur, Robert P. 1985. Vegetative regeneration. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 29-33. [11905] 55. Simard, Albert J.; Eenigenburg, James; Blank, Richard. 1986. Predicting injury and mortality to trees from prescribed burning. In: Koonce, Andrea L., ed. Prescribed burning in the Midwest: state-of-the-art: Proceedings of a symposium; 1986 March 3-6; Stevens Point, WI. Stevens Point, WI: University of Wisconsin, College of Natural Resources, Fire Science Center: 65-72. [16270] 56. Squiers, Edwin R.; Klosterman, Jane E. 1981. Spatial patterning and competition in an aspen-white pine successional system. American Journal of Botany. 68(6): 790-794. [17843] 57. Stanosz, G. R.; Patton, R. F. 1987. Armillaria root rot in aspen stands after repeated short rotations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1001-1005. [4488] 58. Stickel, Paul W. 1934. Forest fire damage studies in the Northeast. I. Bark-beetles and fire damaged hardwoods. Journal of Forestry. 32(7): 701-703. [18755] 59. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090] 60. Stormer, Fred A.; Bauer, William A. 1980. Summer forage use by tame deer in northern Michigan. Journal of Wildlife Management. 44(1): 98-106. [8417] 61. Ullrey, D. E.; Youatt, W. G.; Johnson, H. E.; [and others]. 1964. Digestibility of cedar and aspen browse for the white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management. 28(4): 791-797. [19801] 62. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982. National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names. SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573] 63. Vogel, Willis G. 1981. A guide for revegetating coal minesoils in the eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-68. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 190 p. [15576] 64. Weber, M. G. 1990. Response of immature aspen ecosystems to cutting and burning in relation to vernal leaf-flush. Forest Ecology and Management. 31: 15-33. [10373] 65. Welsh, Christopher, J. E.; Capen, David E. 1992. Availability of nesting sites as a limit to woodpecker populations. Forest Ecology and Management. 48: 31-41. [12983] 66. Wendel, G. W.; Kochenderfer, J. N. 1982. Glyphosate controls hardwoods in West Virginia. Res. Pap. NE-497. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 7 p. [9869] 67. Winterhalder, Keith. 1990. The trigger-factor approach to the initiation of natural regeneration of plant communities on industrially-damaged lands at Sudbury, Ontario. In: Hughes, H. Glenn; Bonnicksen, Thomas M., eds. Restoration '89: the new management challenge: Proceedings, 1st annual meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration; 1989 January 16-20; Oakland, CA. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Arboretum, Society for Ecological Restoration: 215-226. [14697] 68. Zahner, Robert; DeByle, Norbert V. 1965. Effect of pruning the parent root on growth of aspen suckers. Ecology. 46(3): 373-375. [16554] 69. Leak, William B. 1991. Secondary forest succession in New Hampshire, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 43: 69-86. [16683] 70. Patterson, William A., III; Saunders, Karen E.; Horton, L. J. 1983. Fire regimes of the coastal Maine forests of Acadia National Park. OSS 83-3. Boston, MA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, North Atlantic Region, Office of Scientific Studies. 259 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Broomall, PA. [21108] 71. Fahey, Timothy J.; Reiners, William A. 1981. Fire in the forests of Maine and New Hampshire. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 108: 362-373. [9707] 72. Beyerhelm, Carl D.; Sando, Rodney W. 1982. Regression estimation of litter and one hour timelag fuel loading in aspen-northern hardwood stands. Forest Science. 28(1): 177-180. [20775] 73. Adams, Paul W.; Boyle, James R. 1982. Soil fertility changes following clearcut and whole-tree harvesting and burning in central Michigan. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 46: 638-640. [6785]

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