DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Tsuga canadensis | Eastern Hemlock 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
In the United States, eastern hemlock occurs throughout New England, the
mid-Atlantic states, and the Lake States, and extends south in the
Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and Alabama and west from the
mountains into Indiana, western Ohio, and western Kentucky.  At its
northern limit, eastern hemlock ranges along the southern border of
Canada from southern Ontario to Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia [20,35].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch


STATES : 
     AL  CT  DE  GA  IN  KY  ME  MD  MA  MI
     MN  NH  NJ  NY  NC  OH  PA  RI  SC  TN
     VT  VA  WV  WI  NB  NS  ON  PE  PQ


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  ALPO  APIS  BISO  BLRI  CATO
     CUGA  CUVA  DEWA  GATE  GWMP  GRSM
     JOFL  MACA  MANA  MORR  NERI  OBRI
     PIRO  SARA  SHEN  SLBE


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
NO-ENTRY


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K103  Mixed mesophytic forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     5  Balsam fir
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    19  Gray birch - red maple
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21  Eastern white pine
    22  White pine - hemlock
    23  Eastern hemlock
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26  Sugar maple - basswood
    27  Sugar maple
    28  Black cherry - maple
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    34  Red spruce - Fraser fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white-cedar
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
    44  Chestnut oak
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    57  Yellow-poplar
    58  Yellow-poplar - eastern hemlock
    59  Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
    97  Atlantic white-cedar
   108  Red maple


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Eastern hemlock occurs as a dominant or codominant in coniferous and
mixed-hardwood forests.  It is often the only conifer present in mixed
mesophytic forests of the eastern United States [40].

Publications listing eastern hemlock as codominant or dominant are as
follows:

The natural forests of Maryland: an explanation of the vegetation map
   of Maryland [7]
A multivariate analysis of forest communities in the western Great Smoky
   Mountains National Park [9]
The vegetation of Wisconsin [10]
The principal plant associations of the Saint Lawrence Valley [11]
Field guide: forest habitat types of northern Wisconsin [32]
A classification of the deciduous forest of eastern North America [42]
The natural communities of South Carolina [45]
Forest associations in the Harvard Forest [55]
Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains [65]
 

Related categories for Species: Tsuga canadensis | Eastern Hemlock