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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Betula populifolia | Gray Birch
REFERENCES :
1. Bjorkbom, John C. 1972. Stand changes in the first ten years after
seedbed preperation for paper birch. Res. Pap. NE-238. Upper Darby, PA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 10 p. [15618]
2. Brinkman, Kenneth A. 1974. Betula L. birch. In: Schopmeyer, C. S.,
technical coordinator. Seeds of woody plants in the United States.
Agric. Handb. 450. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service: 252-257. [46]
3. Broome, C. Rose; Reveal, James L.; Tucker, Arthur O.; Dill, Norman H.
1979. Rare and endangered vascular plants of Maryland. Newton Corner,
MA: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 64 p. [16508]
4. Brown, James H., Jr. 1960. The role of fire in altering the species
composition of forests in Rhode Island. Ecology. 41(2): 310-316. [5935]
5. Catling, P. M.; Spicer, K. W. 1988. The separation of Betula populifolia
and Betula pendula and their status in Ontario. Canadian Journal of
Forest Research. 18: 1017-1026. [9319]
6. Chapman, William K.; Bessette, Alan E. 1990. Trees and shrubs of the
Adirondacks. Utica, NY: North Country Books, Inc. 131 p. [12766]
7. Collingwood, G. H. 1937. Knowing your trees. Washington, DC: The
American Forestry Association. 213 p. [6316]
8. DeHond, Patricia E.; Campbell, Christopher S. 1989. Multivariate
analyses of hybridization between Betula cordifolia and B. populifolia
(Betulaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany. 67: 2252-2260. [9361]
9. Duncan, Wilbur H.; Duncan, Marion B. 1988. Trees of the southeastern
United States. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. 322 p.
[12764]
10. Edwards, Thomas I. 1932. Temperature relations of seed germination.
Quarterly Review of Biology. 7: 428-443. [10910]
11. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
12. Filip, Stanley M.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1971. Trees and shrubs of the
Bartlett Experimental Forest, Carroll County, New Hampshire. Res. Pap.
NE-211. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 20 p. [13635]
13. Flinn, Marguerite A.; Wein, Ross W. 1977. Depth of underground plant
organs and theoretical survival during fire. Canadian Journal of Botany.
55: 2550-2554. [6362]
14. Frank, Robert M.; Blum, Barton M. 1978. The selection system of
silviculture in spruce-fir stands--procedures, early results, and
comparisons with unmanaged stands. Res. Pap. NE-425. Upper Darby, PA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 15 p. [8772]
15. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
16. Gratkowski, H. 1974. Brushfield reclamation and type conversion. In:
Cramer, Owen P., ed. Environmental effects of forest residues managment
in the Pacific Northwest: A state-of-knowledge compendium. Gen. Tech.
Rep. PNW-24.Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific NorthwestForest and Range Experiment Station: I-1 to
I-31. [6418]
17. Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native trees of Canada. 7th ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Forestry. 380 p. [3375]
18. Houle, Gilles. 1991. Regenerative traits of tree species in a deciduous
forest of northeastern North America. Holarctic Ecology. 14(2): 142-151.
[14474]
19. Kays, Jonathan S.; Canham, Charles D. 1991. Effects of time and
frequency of cutting on hardwood root reserves and sprout growth. Forest
Science. 37(2): 524-539. [17757]
20. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
21. Leak, William B.; Solomon, Dale S.; Filip, Stanley M. 1969. A
silvicultural guide for northern hardwoods in the northeast. Res. Pap.
NE-143. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 34 p. [10976]
22. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native
and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952]
23. Litvaitis, John A.; Sherburne, James A.; Bissonette, John A. 1986.
Bobcat habitat use and home range size in relation to prey density.
Journal of Wildlife Management. 50(1): 110-117. [8387]
24. Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession
following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall
Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council
fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No.
14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373. [1496]
25. Martin, J. Lynton. 1955. Observations on the origin and early
development of a plant community following a forest fire. Forestry
Chronicle. 31: 154-161. [11363]
26. Newton, Michael; Cole, Elizabeth C.; Lautenschlager, R. A.; [and
others]. 1989. Browse availability after conifer release in Maine's
spruce-fir forests. Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(3): 643-649.
[8401]
27. Ogden, J. Gordon, III. 1962. Forest history of Martha's Vineyard,
Massachusetts. I. Modern and pre-colonial forests. American Midland
Naturalist. 66(2): 417-430. [10118]
28. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
29. Rudolf, Paul O. 1990. Pinus resinosa Ait. red pine. In: Burns, Russell
M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of North
America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 442-455. [13246]
30. Shaw, Samuel P. 1969. Management of birch for wildlife habitat. In: The
birch symposium: Proceedings; 1969 August 19-21; Durham, NH. Res. Pap.
NE-146. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 181-183. [15355]
31. Starker, T. J. 1932. Fire resistance of trees of northeast United
States. Forest Worker. 8(3): 8-9. [81]
32. Starker, T. J. 1934. Fire resistance in the forest. Journal of Forestry.
32: 462-467. [82]
33. Tucker, Arthur O.; Dill, Norman H.; Broome, C. Rose; [and others]. 1979.
Rare and endangered vascular plant species in Delaware. Newton Corner,
MA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 89 p.
[16518]
34. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
35. Vogel, Willis G. 1981. A guide for revegetating coal minesoils in the
eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-68. Broomall, PA: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 190 p. [15576]
36. Walters, Russell S.; Yawney, Harry W. 1990. Acer rubrum L. red maple.
In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators.
Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 60-69.
[13956]
Related categories for Species: Betula populifolia
| Gray Birch
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