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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Picea sitchensis | Sitka Spruce
REFERENCES :
1. Alaback, Paul B. 1982. Dynamics of understory biomass in Sitka
spruce-western hemlock forests of southeast Alaska. Ecology. 63(6):
1932-1948. [7305]
2. Alaback, Paul B. 1984. Plant succession following logging in the Sitka
spruce-western hemlock forests of southeast Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-173. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 26 p. [7849]
3. Alaback, Paul B.; Herman, F. R. 1988. Long-term response of understory
vegetation to stand density in Picea-Tsuga forests. Canadian Journal of
Forest Research. 18: 1522-1530. [6227]
4. Alden, John N. 1988. Species selection for forest development in Alaska.
In: Slaughter, Charles W.; Gasbarro, Tony, eds. Proceedings of the
Alaska forest soil productivity workshop: Proceedings of a workshop;
1987 April 28-30; Anchorage, AK. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-219. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station: 110-120. [5584]
5. Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. 1977. Northwest trees. Seattle,
WA: The Mountaineers. 222 p. [4208]
6. Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. 1984. Timberline: Mountain and
arctic forest frontiers. Seattle, WA: The Mountaineers. 304 p. [339]
7. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
8. Brown, Arthur A.; Davis, Kenneth P. 1973. Forest fire control and use.
2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 686 p. [15993]
9. Campbell, R. Wayne; Paul, Marilyn A.; Rodway, Michael S.; Carter, Harry
R. 1978. Tree-nesting peregrine falcons in British Columbia. Condor.
79(4): 500-501. [13724]
10. Coutts, M. P.; Nicoll, B. C. 1990. Growth and survival of shoots, roots,
and mycorrhizal mycelium in clonal Sitka spruce during the first growing
season after planting. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 20:
861-868. [12095]
11. Cowan, Ian McTaggart. 1945. The ecological relationships of the food of
the Columbian black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus
(Richardson), in the c. forest region southern Vancouver Island, British
Columbia. Ecological Monographs. 15(2): 110-139. [16006]
12. Deal, Robert L.; Oliver, Chadwick Dearing; Bormann, Bernard T. 1991.
Reconstruction of mixed hemlock-spruce stands in coastal southeast
Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 643-654. [14673]
13. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
14. Feller, M. C. 1982. The ecological effects of slashburning with
particular reference to British Columbia: a literature review. Victoria,
BC: Ministry of Forests. 60 p. [10470]
15. Franklin, Jerry F. 1988. Pacific Northwest forests. In: Barbour, Michael
G.; Billings, William Dwight, eds. North American terrestrial
vegetation. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press: 103-130.
[13879]
16. Franklin, Jerry F.; Dyrness, C. T. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon
and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-8. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
Experiment Station. 417 p. [961]
17. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
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Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
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Northwest forests. In: Proceedings, 27th annual weed conference; [Date
of conference unknown]; Yakima, WA. [Place of publication unknown].
[Publisher unknown]. 29-32. [17160]
19. Hanley, Thomas A.; Robbins, Charles T.; Spalinger, Donald E. 1989.
Forest habitats and the nutritional ecology of Sitka black-tailed deer:
a research synthesis with implications for forest management. Gen. Tech.
Rep. PNW-GTR-230. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 52 p. [7509]
20. Harmon, Mark E. 1989. Retention of needles and seeds on logs in Picea
sitchensis - Tsuga heterophylla forests of coastal Oregon and
Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67: 1833-1837. [7984]
21. Harmon, Mark E.; Franklin, Jerry F. 1989. Tree seedlings on logs in
Picea-Tsuga forests of Oregon and Washington. Ecology. 70(1): 48-59.
[13082]
22. Harris, A. S. 1966. Effects of slash burning on conifer regeneration in
southeast Alaska. Research Note NOR-18. Juneau, AK: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Forest Experiment Station. 6 p.
[7304]
23. Harris, A. S. 1978. Distribution, genetics, and silvical characteristics
of Sitka spruce. In: Proceedings, IUFRO Joint Meeting Workshop Parties;
[Date of conference unknown]; Vancouver, BC. Volume 1. Victoria, BC: BC
Ministry of Forestry, Information Service Branch: 95-122. [7785]
24. Harris, A. S. 1990. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka spruce. In:
Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics
of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 260-267. [13389]
25. Harris, John. 1983. Wildlife on managed forested lands. In: O'Loughlin,
Jennifer; Pfister, Robert D., eds. Management of second-growth forests:
The state of knowledge and research needs: Proceedings of a symposium;
1982 May 14; Missoula, MT. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, School
of Forestry, Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station:
209-221. [7102]
26. Hawkes, B. C.; Feller, M. C.; Meehan, D. 1990. Site preparation: fire.
In: Lavender, D. P.; Parish, R.; Johnson, C. M.; [and others], eds.
Regenerating British Columbia's forests. Vancouver, BC: University of
British Columbia Press: 131-149. [10712]
27. Hemstrom, Miles A.; Logan, Sheila E. 1986. Plant association and
management guide: Siuslaw National Forest. R6-Ecol 220-1986a. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Region. 121 p. [10321]
28. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific
Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
29. Holsten, Edward H; Werner, Richard A. 1990. Comparison of white, Sitka,
and Lutz spruce and hosts of the spruce beetle in Alaska. Canadian
Journal of Forestry Research. 20: 292-297. [11042]
30. Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native trees of Canada. 7th ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Forestry. 380 p. [3375]
31. Hulten, Eric. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1008 p. [13403]
32. Klinka, K.; Feller, M. C.; Green, R. N.; [and others]. 1990. Ecological
principles: applications. In: Lavender, D. P.; Parish, R.; Johnson, C.
M.; [and others], eds. Regenerating British Columbia's forests.
Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press: 55-72. [10710]
33. Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator
plants of coastal British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British
Columbia Press. 288 p. [10703]
34. Krajina, V. J.; Klinka, K.; Worrall, J. 1982. Distribution and
ecological characteristics of trees and shrubs of British Columbia.
Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia, Department of Botany and
Faculty of Forestry. 131 p. [6728]
35. Kruckeberg, A. R. 1982. Gardening with native plants of the Pacific
Northwest. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 252 p. [9980]
36. Krygier, James T.; Ruth, Robert H. 1961. Effects of herbicides on
salmonberry and on Sitka spruce and western hemlock seedlings. Weeds.
9(3): 416-422. [6608]
37. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
38. Lester, D. T.; Ying, C. C.; Konishi, J. D. 1990. Genetic control and
improvement of planting stock. In: Lavender, D. P.; Parish, R.; Johnson,
C. M.; [and others], eds. Regenerating British Columbia's Forests.
Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press: 180-192. [10715]
39. Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession
following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall
Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council
fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No.
14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373. [1496]
40. Minore, Don. 1979. Comparative autecological characteristics of
northwestern tree species--a literature review. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-87.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 72 p. [1659]
41. Mitchell, Russel G.; Wright, Kenneth H.; Johnson, Norman E. 1990. Damage
by the Sitka spruce weevil (Pissodes strobi) and growth patterns for 10
spruce species & hybrids over 26 years in the Pacific Northwest. Res.
Pap. PNW-RP-434. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 12 p. [15127]
42. Meehan, William R. 1974. The forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska: 4.
Wildlife habitats. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-16. Portland, OR: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
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43. Nyberg, J. Brian; McNay R, Scott; Kirchoff, Matthew D.; [and others].
1989. Integrated management of timber and deer: coastal forests of
British Columbia and Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-226. Ogden, UT:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 65 p. [7468]
44. Parminter, John. 1991. Fire history and effects on vegetation in three
biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia. In: Nodvin, Stephen C.;
Waldrop, Thomas A., eds. Fire and the environment: ecological and
cultural perspectives: Proceedings of an international symposium; 1990
March 20-24; Knoxville, TN. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-69. Asheville, NC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest
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45. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
46. Reynolds, Keith M. 1990. Preliminary classification of forest vegetation
of the Kenai Penninsula, Alaska. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-424. Portland, OR:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
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47. Robuck, O. Wayne. 1985. The common plants of the muskegs of southeast
Alaska. Miscellaneous Publication/July 1985. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and
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48. Ruth, Robert H. 1974. Regeneration and growth of west-side mixed
conifers. In: Camer, Owen P., ed. Environmental effects of forest
residues in the Pacific Northwest: A state-of-knowledge compendium. Gen.
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Service, Pacific NorthwestForest and Range Experiment Station: K-1 to
K-21. [6381]
49. Ruth, Robert H.; Harris, A. S. 1975. Forest residues in hemlock-spruce
forests of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska--a state-of-knowledge review
w. recommendations for residue mgmt. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-39. Portland,
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50. Safford, L. O. 1974. Picea A. Dietr. spruce. In: Schopmeyer, C. S., ed.
Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handb. 450.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 587-597.
[7728]
51. Schoen, John W.; Kirchhoff, Matthew D. 1990. Seasonal habitat use by
Sitka black-tailed deer on Admiralty Island, Alaska. Journal of Wildlife
Management. 54(3): 371-378. [11940]
52. Smith, Kimberly G. 1980. Nongame birds of the Rocky Mountain spruce-fir
forests and their management. In: DeGraaf, Richard M., technical
coordinator. Management of western forests and grasslands for nongame
birds: Workshop proceedings; 1980 February 11-14; Salt Lake City, UT.
Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-86. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station:
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53. Stednick, John D.; Tripp, Larry N.; McDonald, Robert J. 1982. Slash
burning effects on soil and water chemistry in southeastern Alaska.
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54. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
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55. Viereck, Leslie A.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1972. Alaska trees and
shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 265 p. [6884]
56. Wiens, John A. 1975. Avian communities, energetics, and functions in
coniferous forest habitats. In: Smith, Dixie R, technical coordinator.
Proceedings of the symposium on management of forest and range habitats
for nongame birds; 1975 May 6-9; Tucson, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-1.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 226-265.
[17773]
57. Worrell, R.; Malcolm, D. C. 1990. Productivity of Sitka spruce in
northern Britain. 1. The effects of elevation and climate. Forestry.
63(2): 105-118. [11762]
Related categories for Species: Picea sitchensis
| Sitka Spruce
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