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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Pinus albicaulis | Whitebark Pine
REFERENCES :
1. Arno, Stephen F. 1980. Forest fire history in the northern Rockies.
Journal of Forestry. 78(8): 460-465. [11990]
2. Arno, Stephen F. 1986. Whitebark pine cone crops--a diminishing source
of wildlife food?. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 3: 92-94. [341]
3. Arno, Stephen F.; Hoff, Raymond J. 1990. Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
whitebark pine. In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical
coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric.
Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service: 268-279. [13390]
4. Bailey, D. K. 1975. Pinus albicaulis. Curtis's Botanical Magazine.
180(3): 140-147; 1975. [376]
5. Barbour, Michael G.; Major, Jack, eds. 1977. Terrestrial vegetation of
California. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1002 p. [388]
6. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
7. Cole, David N. 1982. Vegetation of two drainages in Eagle Cap
Wilderness, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Res. Pap. INT-288. Ogden, UT:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station. 42 p. [658]
8. Cooper, Stephen V.; Neiman, Kenneth E.; Steele, Robert; Roberts, David
W. 1987. Forest habitat types of northern Idaho: a second approximation.
Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-236. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 135 p. [867]
9. Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Arthur H.; Holmgren, Noel H.; Reveal, James
L. 1972. Intermountain flora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West,
U.S.A. Vol. 1. New York: Hafner Publishing Company, Inc. 270 p. [717]
10. Daubenmire, R. 1970. Steppe vegetation of Washington. Technical Bulletin
62. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, College of Agriculture,
Washington Agricultural Experiment Station. 131 p. [733]
11. Daubenmire, Rexford F.; Daubenmire, Jean B. 1968. Forest vegetation of
eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Technical Bulletin 60. Pullman,
WA: Washington State University, Agricultural Experiment Station. 104 p.
[749]
12. Day, R. J. 1967. Whitebark pine in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta.
Forestry Chronicle. 1967 September: 278-283. [766]
13. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
14. Eggers, Douglas E. 1986. Management of whitebark pine as potential
grizzly bear habitat. In: Contreras, Glen P.; Evans, Keith E.,
compilers. Proceedings--Grizzly Bear Habitat Symposium; 1985 April
30-May 2; Missoula, MT. General Techinical Report INT-207. Missoula, MT:
U.S. Deptment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station: 170-175. [851]
15. Ericson, John E. 1965. A suspected hybrid between Pinus ablicaulis
Engelm. and Pinus flexilis James. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of
Sciences. (25): 58- 59. [871]
16. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
17. Fischer, William C.; Clayton, Bruce D. 1983. Fire ecology of Montana
forest habitat types east of the Continental Divide. Gen. Tech. Rep.
INT-141. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 83 p. [923]
18. Forcella, Frank. 1978. Flora and chorology of the Pinus
albicaulis--Vaccinium scoparium association. Madrono. 25: 139-150.
[935]
19. Forcella, F.; Weaver, T. 1977. Biomass and productivity of the subalpine
Pinus albicaulis--Vaccinium scoparium association in Montana, USA.
Vegetatio. 35(2): 95-105. [934]
20. Forcella, Frank; Weaver T. 1980. Food production in the Pinus
albicaulis--Vaccinum scoparium association. Proceedings of the Montana
Academy of Science. 39: 73-80. [936]
21. Griffin, James R.; Critchfield, William B. 1972. The distribution of
forest trees in California. Res. Pap. PSW-82. Berkeley, CA: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and
Range Experiment Station. 118 p. [1041]
22. Hall, Frederick C. 1973. Plant communities of the Blue Mountains in
eastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. R6-Area Guide 3-1. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Region. 82 p. [1059]
23. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur; Ownbey, Marion. 1969. Vascular
plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptograms,
gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. Seattle, WA: University of Washington
Press. 914 p. [1169]
24. Hutchins, H. E.; Lanner, R. M. 1982. The central role of Clark's
nutcracker in the dispersal and establishment of whitebark pine.
Oecologia. 55: 192-201. [1228]
25. Kasper, J. B.; Szabo, T. 1970. The physical and mechanical properties of
whitebark pine. Forestry Chronicle. August: 315-316. [1310]
26. Kendall, Katherine Clement. 1981. Bear use of pine nuts. Bozeman, MT:
Montana State University; 1981. 27 p. M.S. thesis. [1331]
27. Kozlowski, T. T.; Ahlgren, C. E., eds. 1974. Fire and ecosystems. New
York: Academic Press. 542 p. [1374]
28. Krochmal, Arnold; Krochmal, Connie. 1982. Uncultivated nuts of the
United States. Agriculture Information Bulletin 450. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 89 p. [1377]
29. Kessell, Stephen R.; Potter, Meredith W. 1980. A quantitative succession
model for nine Montana forest communities. Environmental Management.
4(3): 227-240. [1336]
30. Krugman, Stanley L.; Jenkinson, James L. 1974. Pinaceae--pine family.
In: Schopmeyer, C. S., technical coordinator. Seeds of woody plants in
the United States. Agric. Handb. 450. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service: 598-637. [1380]
31. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
32. Lanner, Ronald M. 1980. Avian seed dispersal as a factor in the ecology
and evolution of limber and whitebark pines. In: Dancik, Bruce;
Higginbotham, Kenneth, eds. Proceedings, 6th North American forest
biology workshop; 1980 August 11-13; Edmonton, AB. Edmonton, AB:
University of Alberta: 15-48. [1404]
33. Lanner, Ronald M. 1982. Adaptations of whitebark pine for seed dispersal
by Clark's nutcracker. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 12: 391-402.
[1403]
34. Leadem, Carole L. 1986. Seed dormancy in three Pinus species on the
Inland Mountain West. In: Shearer, Raymond D., compiler.
Proceedings--conifer tree seed in the Inland Mountain West symposium;
1985 August 5-6; Missoula, MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-203. Ogden, UT: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station: 117-124. [1429]
35. Linhart, Yan B.; Tomback, Diana F. 1985. Seed dispersal by nutcrackers
causes multi-trunk growth form in pines. Oecologia. 67: 07-110. [1459]
36. Luckman, B. H.; Jozsa, L. A.; Murphy, P. J. 1984. Living
seven-hundred-year-old Picea engelmannii and Pinus alibcaulis in the
Canadian Rockies. Arctic and Alpine Research. 16(4): 419-422. [1481]
37. Lueck, Dennis. 1980. Ecology of Pinus albicaulis on Bachelor Butte,
Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University; 1980. 90 p. M.S. thesis.
Abstract. [1483]
38. Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession
following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall
Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council
fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No.
14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373. [1496]
39. Miracle, Len. 1983. Record whitebark pine. Intermountain Reporter.
Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. May: 1-2.
[1662]
40. Pfister, Robert D.; Kovalchik, Bernard L.; Arno, Stephen F.; Presby,
Richard C. 1977. Forest habitat types of Montana. Gen. Tech. Rep.
INT-34. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 174 p. [1878]
41. Pitel, J. A.; Wang, B. S. P. 1980. A preliminary study of dormancy in
Pinus albicaulis seeds. Canadian Forestry Service, Bi-monthly Research
Notes: January/February: 4-5. [1892]
42. Reed, Robert M. 1976. Coniferous forest habitat types of the Wind River
Mountains, Wyoming. American Midland Naturalist. 95(1): 159-173. [1950]
43. Steele, Robert; Cooper, Stephen V.; Ondov, David M.; [and others]. 1983.
Forest habitat types of eastern Idaho-western Wyoming. Gen. Tech. Rep.
INT-144. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 122 p. [2230]
44. Tomback, Diana F. 1977. Foraging strategies of Clark's nutcracker.
Living Bird. 16: 123-161; 1977. [2349]
45. Tomback, Diana F. 1981. Notes on cones and vertebrate-mediated seed.
Madrono. 28(2): 91-94; 1981. [2348]
46. Tomback, Diana F. 1982. Dispersal of whitebark pine seeds by Clark's
nutcracker: a mutualism hypothesis. Journal of Animal Ecology. 51:
451-467. [2346]
47. Tomback, Diana F. 1986. Post-fire regeneration of krummholz whitebark
pine: A consequence of nutcracker seed caching. Madrono. 33(2): 100-110.
[2347]
48. Weaver, T.; Dale, D. 1974. Pinus albicaulis in central Montana:
Environment, vegetation and production. American Midland Naturalist.
92(1): 222-230; 1974. [2470]
Related categories for Species: Pinus albicaulis
| Whitebark Pine
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