DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana | Chihuahua Pine 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Chihuahua pine is found in the mountains of southeastern Arizona and
southwestern New Mexico [17,22,34,35,39].  The main part of its range
extends southward along the Sierra Madre Occidental to southern Mexico
[32,35,40,70].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper


STATES : 
     AZ  NM  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     CHIR  SAGU


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    7  Lower Basin and Range


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K019  Arizona pine forest 
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K031  Oak - juniper woodlands


SAF COVER TYPES : 
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   239  Pinyon - juniper
   240  Arizona cypress
   241  Western live oak


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Chihuahua pine commonly occurs in mixed forests and woodlands composed
of evergreen conifers and oaks (Quercus spp.) [15,38,48].  It occurs in
or just above the Madrean evergreen woodlands and pygmy conifer-oak
woodlands [10,51].  Chihuahua pine extends upward in elevation into the
mixed pine (Pinus spp.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests
[2,38,43].

Pine-oak woodlands have a diagnostic understory of evergreen oaks with
emergent pines over 16.4 feet (5 m) tall such as Chihuahua pine and
Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides) [12,18,49,51,72].  These woodlands are
climax over a wide area from southern Arizona to Mexico [41].

Chihuahua pine occurs as scattered individuals in pine forests, often
with Arizona pine (Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica), interior ponderosa
pine (P. p. var. scopulorum), and Apache pine (P. engelmannii) [22,26,42].

Chihuahua pine is the principal tree in the Chihuahua pine series
[1,9,20,24,38,50].  Minor climax species or codominants with Chihuahua
pine in some areas are Arizona pine, Mexican pinyon, Arizona cypress
(Cupressus arizonica), and junipers (Juniperus spp.)  [25,38,59,72].
Chihuahua pine is subdominant in Apache pine/silverleaf oak (Quercus
hypoleucoides) habitat types and white fir (Abies concolor) forests
[38,50].

Chihuahua pine is found as scattered individuals in encinal oak
woodlands such as Arizona white oak (Q. arizonica)-silverleaf oak and
Arizona white oak-Emory oak (Q. emoryi) community types [13,20,29,
32,59].  It is a characteristic species in Mexican blue oak (Q.
oblongifolia) communities [42].

Infrequently, Chihuahua pine occurs in interior chaparral community
types such as pointleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens)-silverleaf
oak and pointleaf manzanita-Toumey oak (Q. toumeyi) [59].

Chihuahua pine is a common tree in riparian associations in various
communities such as the Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) series and
Arizona cypress associations [12,19,49,54,64].

Chihuahua pine is listed as a dominant or indicator species in the
following publications:

(1)  Classification of the forest vegetation on the National Forests of
       Arizona and New Mexico [1]
(2)  Forest and woodland habitat types (plant associations) of Arizona
       south of the Mogollon Rim and southwestern New Mexico [9] 
(3)  A digitized computer-compatible classification for natural and
       potential vegetation in the Southwest with particular reference to
       Arizona [16]
(4)  Forest habitat types south of the Mogollon Rim, Arizona and New
       Mexico [19]
(5)  Preliminary classification for the coniferous forest and woodland
       series of Arizona and New Mexico [38]
(6)  A series vegetation classification for Region 3 [49].

Species associated with Chihuahua pine but not previously mentioned in
OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION include Arizona madrone (Arbutus arizonica),
Arizona walnut (Juglans major), thinleaf alder (Alnus incana ssp.
tenuifolia), pinyon ricegrass (Piptochaetium fimbriatum), and longtongue
muhly (Muhlenbergia longiligula) [19,38,59,64,65].

Related categories for Species: Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana | Chihuahua Pine