WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Cygnus columbianus | Tundra Swan 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
The tundra swan (C. columbianus ssp. columbianus) breeds from northern
Alaska (Point Barrow and Cape Prince of Wales), south to St. Lawrence
Island and the Alaska Peninsula, and east near the Arctic Coast to
Baffin Island, Hudson Bay, and Churchill and the Belcher islands.
Bewick's swan breeds from Russia east along the Arctic Coast to northern
Siberia.  It occasionally occurs in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest
coast [1,6].

Cygnus columbianus ssp. columbianus winters in two regions.  Populations
in Alaska and Yukon Territory chiefly winter in the Central Valley of
California, but some birds winter along Pacific coastal regions from
southern Alaska to California and east to Utah, southern Arizona, and
southern New Mexico.  Tundra swans of the rest of the range migrate
southwards to winter in the interior Great Lakes region or on coastal
marshes from Maryland south to North Carolina, Florida, and Texas.  The
tundra swan occasionally winters as far north as Maine [1,8].  Bewick's
swan winters in Eurasia in the British Isles, northern Europe, the
Caspian Sea, Japan, Korea, and the coast of China [1].

During migration, the tundra swan (C. columbianus ssp. columbianus)
occurs widely throughout interior North America on large bodies of
water.  It is primarily found in the Great Basin, upper Mississippi
Valley, and the Great Lakes region, but also occurs in the Appalachian
Mountains in southern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia [1].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES10 White-red-jack pine
FRES11 Spruce-fir
FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood
FRES18 Maple-beech-birch
FRES19 Aspen-birch
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie


STATES : 


    
AK
	
AZ
    
AR
    
CA
    
CO
    
DE
    
ID



    
IA
    
MD
    
MI
    
MN
    
MO
    
MT
    
NJ


    
NM
    
NY
    
NC
    
ND
    
OH
    
OR
    
PA


    
SC
    
SD
    
TX
    
UT
    
VA
    
WA
	
WI
    
WY






    
AB
    
BC
    
MB
    
NT
    
ON
    
PE
    
PQ
    
SK
    
YK




BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    16  Aspen
   204  Black spruce
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   235  Cottonwood - willow


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Tundra swans are generally found in wetland areas among aquatic and
emergent vegetation.  They are commonly found feeding in extensive beds
of pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.) [10].  Other plant species found in
wetland areas occupied by tundra swans include willows (Salix spp.),
wild celery (Valisineria americana), smartweed (Polygonum persicaria),
muskgrasses (Characeae spp.), bulrushes (Scirpus spp.), horsetail
(Equisetum spp.), and sedges (Carex spp.)  [10].


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Cygnus columbianus | Tundra Swan