|
Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
|
|
WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Sialia sialis | Eastern Bluebird
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Eastern bluebirds breed from southern Saskatchewan east to southern Nova
Scotia and south through the eastern United States [2]. In the West it
occurs casually along the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in
Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, more commonly in the Dakotas through
central Nebraska, central Kansas, and central Oklahoma to central and
southeastern Texas, and south to most of Mexico [41,70]. Eastern
bluebird was listed in 1969 as a species whose present occurrence in
Arizona is limited, unknown, or only suspected [64], although more
recent work [46] lists Arizona as within its range.
Eastern bluebirds winter in the middle parts of the United States south
to Nuevo Leon, the Gulf Coast, and southern Florida, and rarely to
western Cuba [2].
Ranges of subspecies are as follows:
Florida bluebird: Resident throughout peninsular Florida
Tamaulipas bluebird: Tamaulipas north to the Rio Grande valley in
south-central Texas
Azure bluebird: Transition zone from the mountains of southern Arizona
south to Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz (Guerrero). Winters south to
northern Guatemala [2,6].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES10 White-red-jack pine
FRES12 Longleaf-slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly-shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak-pine
FRES15 Oak-hickory
FRES39 Prairie
STATES :
| AL |
AK |
AZ |
AR |
CO |
CT |
DE |
FL |
GA |
IL |
| IN |
IA |
KS |
KY |
LA |
ME |
MD |
MA |
MI |
MN |
| MS |
MO |
MT |
NE |
NH |
NJ |
NY |
NC |
ND |
OH |
| OK |
PA |
RI |
SC |
SD |
TN |
TX |
UT |
VT |
VA |
| WV |
WI |
WY |
DC |
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K070 Sandsage-bluestem prairie
K074 Bluestem prairie
K075 Nebraska Sandhills prairie
K076 Blackland prairie
K077 Bluestem-sacahuista prairie
K081 Oak savanna
K082 Mosaic of K074 and K100
K083 Cedar glades
K084 Cross Timbers
K088 Fayette prairie
K089 Black Belt
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K100 Oak-hickory forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K110 Northeastern oak-pine forest
K111 Oak-hickory-pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
K116 Subtropical pine forest
SAF COVER TYPES :
1 Jack pine
14 Northern pin oak
15 Red pine
20 White pine-northern red oak-red maple
21 Eastern white pine
40 Post oak-blackjack oak
42 Bur oak
43 Bear oak
44 Chestnut oak
45 Pitch pine
46 Eastern redcedar
50 Black locust
51 White pine-chestnut oak
52 White oak-black oak-northern red oak
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
64 Sassafras-persimmon
67 Mohrs (shin) oak
70 Longleaf pine
71 Longleaf pine-scrub oak
72 Southern scrub oak
74 Cabbage palmetto
75 Shortleaf pine
76 Shortleaf pine-oak
78 Virginia pine-oak
79 Virginia pine
80 Loblolly pine-shortleaf pine
81 Loblolly pine
82 Loblolly pine-hardwood
83 Longleaf pine-slash pine
84 Slash pine
85 Slash pine-hardwood
109 Hawthorn
110 Black oak
111 South Florida slash pine
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
601 Bluestem prairie
602 Bluestem-prairie sandreed
603 Prairie sandreed-needlegrass
604 Bluestem-grama prairie
606 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
608 Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass
609 Wheatgrass-grama
610 Wheatgrass
611 Blue grama-buffalograss
612 Sagebrush-grass
708 Bluestem-dropseed
709 Bluestem-grama
710 Bluestem prairie
711 Bluestem-sacahuista prairie
717 Little bluestem-Indiangrass-Texas wintergrass
720 Sand bluestem-little bluestem (dunes)
721 Sand bluestem-little bluestem (plains)
731 Cross timbers-Oklahoma
732 Cross timbers-Texas (little bluestem-post oak)
801 Savanna
802 Missouri prairie
804 Tall fescue
809 Mixed hardwood and pine
810 Longleaf pine-turkey oak hills
811 South Florida flatwoods
812 North Florida flatwoods
PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Eastern bluebirds are found in a wide range of plant communities with
open overstories and in openings within woodlands. They are usually
found at low elevations and are frequently observed in oak (Quercus
spp.) woodlands [46]. In southern Michigan, oak-pine (Pinus spp.)
woodlands frequented by eastern bluebirds were dominated by black oak
(Quercus velutina), pin oak (Q. palustris), northern red oak (Q. rubra),
white oak (Q. alba), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), red pine (P.
resinosa), jack pine (P. banksiana), and Scotch pine (P. sylvestris).
Eastern bluebirds are also commonly found in old fields characterized by
hawthorns (Crataegus spp.), black walnut (Juglans nigra), black locust
(Robinia pseudoacacia), black cherry (Prunus serotina), chokecherry (P.
virginiana), staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina), and multiflora rose (Rosa
multiflora) [46]. Other eastern bluebird sites include the jack pine
plains of Huron National Forest, dominated by jack pine, northern pin
oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea). Bracken
fern (Pteridium aquilinum), blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), and sweet fern
(Comptonia peregrina) are characteristic understory components [41].
Eastern bluebirds are also present in cutover and burned pine-oak
woodlands [46] and in Wisconsin jack pine savanna. The latter habitat
type is maintained by frequent low-severity fire [68]. Eastern
bluebirds are common in regenerating stands of central and southeastern
oak-pine forests [17].
In western Virginia eastern bluebirds were observed in the Appalachian
Mountains in lower and midslope forests dominated by scarlet oak, black
oak, chestnut oak (Q. prinus), and white oak [11].
Wintering areas used by eastern bluebirds in the Apalachicola National
Forest included pasture, open longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woods, and
pine-oak woodlands usually dominated by live oak (Q. virginiana) with
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) [41].
REFERENCES :
NO-ENTRY
Related categories for Wildlife Species: Sialia sialis
| Eastern Bluebird
|
 |
