WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Odocoileus hemionus | Mule Deer 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Mule deer inhabit western North America from northern British Columbia
and Alberta south through central Mexico.  Black-tailed deer occur from
southern, coastal Alaska south along the coast through northern
California.  Ranges for each subspecies are listed below
[9,18,35,52,54]:

ssp. hemionus - central Arizona and New Mexico north to northern
                British Columbia, Alberta, and central Saskatchewan;
                west-central British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and
                east through central North and South Dakota, Nebraska, 
                and Kansas; northeast corner of California and scattered
                sightings in Missouri, Minnesota, and Iowa
ssp. crooki - possibly the Texas Panhandle; southern Arizona and New
              Mexico; southwestern Texas and into Mexico
ssp. californicus - south coastal and east-central California
ssp. fuliginatus - northern Baja California into southern California
ssp. peninsulae - southern Baja California
ssp. columbianus - coastal British Columbia, including Vancouver Island, 
                   south through coastal Washington, Oregon, and through
                   California into Santa Barbara County
ssp. sitkensis - Alexander Archipelago, Alaska into western British
                 Columbia and the southern fringe of Yukon Territory;
                 areas in Alaska include Prince William Sound and its
                 islands; Kodiak, Afognak, Prince of Wales, and Queen 
                 Charlotte Islands, and the Yakutat area.
ssp. eremicus - possibly an isolated portion of southeastern California
                along the Colorado River
ssp. sheldoni - possibly Tiburon Island, Baja California, Mexico
ssp. inyoensis - possibly the eastern slope of the southern Sierra
                 Nevada, California
ssp. cedrosensis - Cedros Island, Baja California



ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES25 Larch
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES27 Redwood
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES31 Shinnery
FRES32 Texas savanna
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon-juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES40 Desert grasslands
FRES41 Wet grasslands
FRES42 Annual grasslands
FRES44 Alpine


STATES : 


    
AK
	
AZ
    
AR
    
CA
    
CO
    
ID
    
IA
    
KS
    
MN
    
MO
    
MT


    
NE
    
NV
    
NM
    
ND
    
OK
    
OR
    
SD
    
TX
    
UT
    
WA
    
WY






    
AB
    
BC
    
MB
    
SK
    
YK
    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    







    
MEXICO
    




BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K007  Red fir forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K009  Pine - cypress forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K022  Great Basin pine forest
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K027  Mesquite bosque
   K028  Mosaic of K002 and K026
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest
   K030  California oakwoods
   K031  Oak - juniper woodland
   K032  Transition between K031 and K037
   K033  Chaparral
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K035  Coastal sagebrush
   K036  Mosaic of K030 and K035
   K037  Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
   K038  Great Basin sagebrush
   K039  Blackbrush
   K040  Saltbush - greasewood
   K041  Creosotebush
   K042  Creosotebush - bursage
   K043  Paloverde - cactus shrub
   K044  Creosotebush - tarbush
   K045  Ceniza shrub
   K047  Fescue - oatgrass
   K048  California steppe
   K049  Tule marshes
   K050  Fescue - wheatgrass
   K051  Wheatgrass - bluegrass
   K052  Alpine meadows and barren
   K053  Grama - galleta steppe
   K054  Grama - tobosa prairie
   K055  Sagebrush steppe
   K056  Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
   K057  Galleta - threeawn shrubsteppe
   K058  Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
   K059  Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
   K060  Mesquite savanna
   K061  Mesquite - acacia savanna
   K062  Mesquite - live oak savanna
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
   K065  Grama - buffalograss
   K066  Wheatgrass - needlegrass
   K067  Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
   K068  Wheatgrass - grama - buffalograss
   K069  Bluestem - grama prairie
   K070  Sandsage - bluestem prairie
   K071  Shinnery
   K076  Blackland prairie
   K085  Mesquite - buffalograss
   K086  Juniper - oak savanna
   K087  Mesquite - oak savanna
   K088  Fayette prairie
   K098  Northern floodplain forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    16  Aspen
    18  Paper birch
    42  Bur oak
    66  Ashe juniper - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
    67  Mohrs ("shin") oak
    68  Mesquite
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   207  Red fir
   208  Whitebark pine
   209  Bristlecone pine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   216  Blue spruce
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   219  Limber pine
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   221  Red alder
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   226  Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228  Western redcedar
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   231  Port-Orford-cedar
   232  Redwood
   233  Oregon white oak
   234  Douglas-fir - tanoak - Pacific madrone
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   236  Bur oak
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   238  Western juniper
   239  Pinyon - juniper
   240  Arizona cypress
   241  Western live oak
   242  Mesquite
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   246  California black oak
   247  Jeffrey pine
   248  Knobcone pine
   249  Canyon live oak
   250  Blue oak - Digger pine
   251  White spruce - aspen
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce - paper birch
   255  California coast live oak
   256  California mixed subalpine


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Mule deer and black-tailed deer together inhabit virtually every major
vegetative type in western North America except those in the tropics,
arctic, and extreme deserts [35,54].  Generally black-tailed deer
inhabit the temperate, coniferous forests along the northern Pacific
Coast, from northern California to Alaska.  They inhabit spruce (Picea
spp.)-fir (Abies spp.)-hemlock (Tsuga spp.) forests as well as pine
(Pinus spp.)-Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and lodgepole pine
(Pinus contorta)-subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) forests.  Some
black-tailed deer also occur in the chaparral communities south of the
central Coast Ranges of California.  Mule deer inhabit grass-dominated
plains and prairies, shrublands, woodlands, and mountain forests from
south coastal Alaska south through Canada and the United States, and
into Mexico.  They are found in the semideserts of the Southwest and
Great Basin region, as well as the high mountains of the Northwest
[35,52,54].


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Odocoileus hemionus | Mule Deer