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REFERENCES

KUCHLER TYPE: Oak-hickory forest
REFERENCES : 1. Abrams, M. D. 1986 [3255] 2. Abrams, M. D. 1992 [19215] 3. Anderson, R. C. 1982 [21327] 4. Anderson, R. C.; Brown, L. E. 1983 [3442] 5. Anderson, R. C.; Brown, L. E. 1986 [3443] 6. Anderson, R. C.; Schwegman, J. E. 1991 [16256] 7. Bacone, J. A.; Post, T. W. 1986 [16273] 8. Betz, R. F. 1978 [3292] 9. Bigham, S. R.; Hepworth, J. L.; Martin, R. P. 1964 [13539] 10. Boerner, Ralph E. J.; Cho, Do-Soon. 1987. Structure and composition of Goll Woods, an old-growth forest remnant in northwestern Ohio. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 114(2): 173-179. [8711] 11. Branson, Branley A.; Harker, Donald F., Jr.; Baskin, Jerry M.; [and others]. 1981. Endangered, threatened, and rare animals and plants of Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. 42(3-4): 77-89. [24442] 12. Braun, E. Lucy. 1950. Deciduous forests of eastern North America. Philadelphia, PA: Blakiston Books. [pages unknown]. [19812] 13. Bray, J. Roger. 1960. The composition of savanna vegetation in Wisconsin. Ecology. 41(4): 721-732. [24440] 14. Brown, James H., Jr. 1960. The role of fire in altering the species composition of forests in Rhode Island. Ecology. 41(2): 310-316. [5935] 15. Bryant, William S.; McComb, William C.; Fralish, James S. 1993. Oak-hickory forests (western mesophytic/oak-hickory forests). In: Martin, William H.; Boyce, Stephen G.; Echternacht, Arthur C., eds. Biodiversity of the southeastern United States: Upland terrestrial communities. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc: 143-201. [21938] 16. Bullington, Robert A. 1970. Competition between forest and prairie vegetation in twenty years of secondary succession on abandoned land in Ogle County, Illinois. In: Schramm, Peter, ed. Proceedings of a symposium on prairie and prairie restoration; 1968 September 14-15; Galesburg, IL. Special Publication No. 3. Galesburg, IL: Knox College, Biological Field Station: 20-23. [2774] 17. Burkman, William; Chavez, Quinn; Cooke, Robert; [and others]. 1993. Northeastern Area: Forest health report. NA-TP-03-93. Radnor,PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area. 57 p. [22438] 18. Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., tech. coords. 1990. Silvics of North America. Vol 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 877 p. [13955] 19. Carvell, Kenneth L. 1979. Factors affecting the abundance, vigor, and growth response of understory oak seedlings. In: Holt, H. A.; Fischer, B. C., eds. Regenerating oaks in upland hardwood forests: Proceedings, John S. Wright forestry conference; [Date unknown]; [Location of proceedings unknown]. West Lafeyette, IN: Purdue University: 23-28. [24543] 20. Clark, F. Bryan. 1976. The central hardwood forest. In: Fralish, James S.; Weaver, George T.; Schlesinger, Richard C., eds. Central hardwood forest conference: Proceeding; 1976 October 17-19; Carbondale, IL. [Place of publication unknown]. [Publisher unknown]. 1-8. [24372] 21. Clark, F. Bryan. 1993. An historical perspective of oak regeneration. In: Loftis, David L.; McGee, Charles E., eds. Oak regeneration: Serious problems, practical recommendations: Symposium proceedings; 1992 September 8-10; Knoxville, TN. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-84. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station: 3-13. [23055] 22. Clubine, Steve; Davis, Maurice. 1993. Missouri grasslands and fire. Rangelands. 15(2): 74-77. [21191] 23. Crow, T. R. 1988. Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern red oak (Quercus rubra)--a review. Forest Science. 34(1): 19-40. [8730] 24. Cunningham, Robert J.; Hauser, Carl. 1989. The decline of the Missouri Ozark forest between 1880 and 1920. In: Waldrop, Thomas A., ed. Proceedings of pine-hardwood mixtures: a symposium on management and ecology of the type; 1989 April 18-19; Atlanta, GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-58. Asheville, SC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station: 34-37. [10254] 25. Curtis, John T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. 657 p. [7116] 26. Cutter, Bruce E.; Guyette, Richard P. 1994. Fire frequency on an oak-hickory ridgetop in the Missouri Ozarks. American Midland Naturalist. 132: 393-398. [24332] 27. Cutter, Bruce E.; Lowell, Kim E.; Dwyer, John P. 1991. Thinning effects on diameter growth in black and scarlet oak as shown by tree ring analyses. Forest Ecology and Management. 43: 1-13. [16684] 28. Daubenmire, Rexford. 1978. Plant geography--with special reference to North America. Physiological Ecology. New York: Academic Press. 338 p. [8949] 29. DeSelm, H. R.; Clebsch, E. E. C. 1991. Response types to prescribed fire in oak forest understory. In: Nodvin, Stephen C.; Waldrop, Thomas A., eds. Fire and the environment: ecological and cultural perspectives: Proceedings of an international symposium; 1990 March 20-24; Knoxville, TN. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-69. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station: 22-33. [16630] 30. DeSelm, H. R.; Clebsch, E. E. C.; Nichols, G. M.; Thor, E. 1974. Response of herbs, shrubs and tree sprouts in prescribed-burn hardwoods in Tennessee. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1973 March 22-23; Tallahassee, FL. No. 13. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 331-344. [19011] 31. Dooley, Karen L.; Collins, Scott L. 1984. Ordination and classification of western oak forests in Oklahoma. American Journal of Botany. 71(9): 1221-1227. [11543] 32. Douhan, Carl; Knutson, Randy; Cole, Kenneth L. 1991. GIS used to develop fire management strategies. Park Science. 11(3): 16-17. [16558] 33. Evans, Keith E.; Probasco, George E. 1977. Wildlife of the prairies and plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-29. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 18 p. [14118] 34. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 35. Faulkner, Jerry L.; Clebsch, Edward E. C.; Sanders, William L. 1989. Use of prescribed burning for managing natural and historic resources in Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, U.S.A. Environmental Management. 13(5): 603-612. [13020] 36. Fralish, James S. 1976. Forest site-community relationships in the Shawnee Hills region, southern Illinois. In: Fralish, James S.; Weaver, George T.; Schlesinger, Richard C., eds. Central hardwood forest conference: Proceedings of a meeting; 1976 October 17-19; Carbondale, IL. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University: 65-87. [3813] 37. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 38. Gautheraux, Sidney A., Jr. 1978. The structure and organization of avian communities in forests. In: DeGraaf, Richard M., technical coordinator. Proceedings of the workshop management of southern forests for nongame birds; 1978 January 24-26; Atlanta, GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-14. Ashville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station: 17-37. [24371] 39. Greller, Andrew M. 1988. Deciduous forest. In: Barbour, Michael G.; Billings, William Dwight, eds. North American terrestrial vegetation. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press: 288-316. [19544] 40. Guyette, Richard; McGinnes, E. A., Jr. 1982. Fire history of an Ozark glade in Missouri. Transactions, Missouri Academy of Science. 16: 85-93. [5170] 41. Hardin, Kimberly I.; Evans, Keith E. 1977. Cavity nesting bird habitat in the oak-hickory forests--a review. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-30. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 23 p. [13859] 42. Henderson, Norman Robert. 1982. A comparison of stand dynamics and fire history in two black oak woodlands in northwestern Indiana. Logan, UT: Utah State University. 52 p. Thesis. [8702] 43. Henderson, Richard A. 1986. Response of seedling and sapling trees to a spring fire in a Wisconsin oak opening. In: Koonce, Andrea L., ed. Prescribed burning in the Midwest: state-of-the-art: Proceedings of a symposium; 1986 March 3-6; Stevens Point, WI. Stevens Point, WI: University of Wisconsin, College of Natural Resources, Fire Science Center: 81-85. [16272] 44. Hicks, David J.; Chabot, Brian F. 1985. Deciduous forest. In: Chabot, Brian F.; Mooney, Harold A, eds. Physiological ecology of North American plant communities. New York: Chapman and Hall: 257-277. [25215] 45. Huntley, Jimmy C.; McGee, Charles E. 1981. Timber and wildlife implications of fire in young upland hardwoods. In: Barnett, James P., ed. Proceedings, 1st biennial southern silvicultural research conference; 1980 November 6-7; Atlanta, GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-34. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 56-66. [12080] 46. Hushen, Timothy W.; Kapp, Ronald O.; Bogue, Robert D.; [and others]. 1966. Presettlement forest patterns in Montcalm County, Michigan. Michigan Botanist. 5: 192-211. [24436] 47. Johnson, Forrest L.; Risser, Paul G. 1972. Some vegetation-environment relationships in the upland forests of Oklahoma. Journal of Ecology. 60: 655-663. [23366] 48. Johnson, Forrest L.; Risser, Paul G. 1975. A quantitative comparison between an oak forest and an oak savannah in central Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist. 20(1): 75-84. [11366] 49. Keith, James H. 1983. Presettlement barrens of Harrison and Washington Counties, Indiana. In: Kucera, Clair L., ed. Proceedings, 7th North American prairie conference; 1980 August 4-6; Springfield, MO. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri: 17-25. [3191] 50. Kucera, Clair L. 1952. An ecological study of a hardwood forest area in central Iowa. Ecological Monographs. 22(4): 283-299. [254] 51. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 52. Loomis, Robert M. 1973. Estimating fire-caused mortality and injury in oak-hickory forests. Res. Pap. NC-94. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 6 p. [8740] 53. Lorimer, Craig G. 1984. Development of the red maple understory in northeastern oak forests. Forest Science. 30(1): 3-22. [12565] 54. Lorimer, Craig G. 1985. The role of fire in the perpetuation of oak forests. In:, Johnson, J. E., ed. Challenges in oak management and utilization. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension Service: 8-25. [19543] 55. Lorimer, Craig G.; Chapman, Jonathan W.; Lambert, William D. 1994. Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands. Journal of Ecology. 82: 227-237. [24108] 56. Lowell, Kim E.; Astroth, Joseph H., Jr. 1989. Vegetative succession and controlled fire in a glades ecosystem: a geographical information system approach. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. 3(1): 69-81. [14639] 57. Martin, Alexander C.; Zim, Herbert S.; Nelson, Arnold L. 1951. American wildlife and plants. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 500 p. [4021] 58. McCarty, J. Kenneth; Hassien, Fred. 1986. Distribution patterns of prairie plant species in a closed-canopy forest situation. In: Clambey, Gary K.; Pemble, Richard H., eds. The prairie: past, present and future: Proceedings, 9th North American prairie conference; 1984 July 29 - August 1; Moorhead, MN. Fargo, ND: Tri-College University Center for Environmental Studies: 127-130. [3548] 59. McCune, Bruce; Cottam, Grant. 1985. The successional status of a southern Wisconsin oak woods. Ecology. 66(4): 1270-1278. [19218] 60. Mendelson, Jon; Aultz, Stephen P.; Mendelson, Judith Dolan. 1992. Carving up the woods: Savanna restoration in northeastern Illinois. Restoration & Management Notes. 10(2): 127-131. [20114] 61. Mengel, Robert M. 1965. The birds of Kentucky. Ornithological Monographs No. 3. Lawrence, KS: The American Ornithologists' Union. 581 p. [24548] 62. Meridith, Denise P. 1979. Eastern States endangered wildlife. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States Office. 153 p. [24550] 63. Merritt, Clair. 1979. An overview of oak regeneration problems. In: Holt, H. A.; Fischer, B. C., eds. Regenerating oaks in upland hardwood forests: Proceedings, John S. Wright forestry conferencee; [Date unknown]; [Location of conference unknown]. West Lafeyette, IN: Perdue University: 1-10. [24544] 64. Merz, Robert W., compiler. 1978. Forest atlas of the Midwest. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Forest System Cooperative Forestry, Forestry Research. 48 p. [St. Paul, MN: North Central Forest Experiment Station; Upper Darby, PA: Northeastern Forest Experiment Station; St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry]. [10057] 65. Monk, Carl D.; Imm, Donald W.; Potter, Robert L.; Parker, Geoffrey G. 1989. A classification of the deciduous forest of eastern North America. Vegetatio. 80: 167-181. [9297] 66. Moore, Willard R. 1991. A "bucket test" for analyzing fuel conditions in a woodland burn. Restoration & Management Notes. 9(1): 37-38. [15449] 67. Nigh, T. A.; Pallardy, S. G.; Garrett, H. E. 1985. Sugar maple environment relationships in the River Hills and central Ozark Mountains of Missouri. American Midland Naturalist. 114(2): 235-251. [24434] 68. Nowacki, Gregory J.; Abrams, Marc D.; Lorimer, Craig G. 1990. Composition, structure, and historical development of northern red oak stands along an edaphic gradient in north-central Wisconsin. Forest Science. 36(2): 276-292. [11787] 69. Nuzzo, Victoria A. 1986. Extent and status of midwest oak savanna: presettlement and 1985. Natural Areas Journal. 6(2): 6-36. [19217] 70. Olson, Steven D. 1992. Ecological restoration projects begun on the Hoosier National Forest. Restoration & Management Notes. 10(2): 196-197. [20119] 71. Oosting, Henry J. 1956. The study of plant communities. 2nd ed. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. 440 p. [24547] 72. Packard, Steve. 1993. Restoring oak ecosystems. Restoration & Management Notes. 11(1): 5-16. [22361] 73. Patterson, Rich. 1992. Fire in the oaks. American Forests. 98(11): 32-34, 58-59. [19958] 74. Paulsell, Lee K. 1957. Effects of burning on Ozark hardwood timberlands. Res. Bull. 640. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station. 24 p. [11885] 75. Probst, John R. 1979. Oak forest bird communities. In: DeGraaf, Richard M.; Evans, Keith E., compilers. Management of north central and northeastern forests for nongame birds: Proceedings of the workshop; 1979 January 23-25; Minneapolis, MN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-51. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 80-88. [18080] 76. Risser, Paul G.; Rice, Elroy L. 1971. Phytosociological analysis of Oklahoma upland forest species. Ecology. 52(5): 940-945. [7868] 77. Rothenberger, Steven J. 1989. Extent of woody vegetation on the prairie in eastern Nebraska, 1855-1857. In: Bragg, Thomas B.; Stubbendieck, James, eds. Prairie pioneers: ecology, history and culture: Proceedings, 11th North American prairie conference; 1988 August 7-11; Lincoln, NE. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska: 15-18. [14012] 78. Rouse, Cary. 1986. Fire effects in northeastern forests: oak. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-105. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 7 p. [3884] 79. Rozmajzl, Mary K. 1988. Presettlement savanna in eastern Nebraska. Omaha, NE: University of Nebraska, Omaha. 42 p. Thesis. [24551] 80. Sander, Ivan L. 1977. Manager's handbook for oaks in the North Central States. Gen. Tech. Rep NC-37. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 35 p. [11002] 81. Sander, Ivan L.; McGee, Charles E.; Day, Kenneth G.; Willard, Ralph E. 1983. Oak-hickory. In: Burns, Russell M., technical coordinator. Silvicultural systems for the major forest types of the United States. Agric. Handb. No. 445. 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