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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
ABBREVIATION :
ASPADI
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
ASAD
COMMON NAMES :
black spleenwort fern
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of black spleenwort fern is
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. [5,12,15]. It is a member of the
Aspleniaceae family. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is derived from a cross
between A. onopteris L. and A. cuneifolium Viv. [1,11,12]. Black
spleenwort fern shows a wide range of morphological variation,
completely overlapping with the typical forms of both parents [12].
LIFE FORM :
Fern or Fern Ally
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Lora L. Esser, August 1994
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Black spleenwort fern is an introduced species in the continental United
States and only occurs in Arizona, Utah, and Colorado [5,7,15]. It is
native to Hawaii, Eurasia, and Africa [6,12,15].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
STATES :
AZ CO HI UT
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
HALE HAVO ZION
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
SAF COVER TYPES :
237 Interior ponderosa pine
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Black spleenwort fern occurs in mountain brush and ponderosa pine (Pinus
ponderosa) communities in southern Utah [15]. It occurs in mountainous
or rocky areas throughout the state of Colorado [5]. In Hawaii
Volcanoes National Park, black spleenwort fern occurs in Ohia lehua
(Metrosideros polymorpha) communities [6].
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
NO-ENTRY
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Black spleenwort fern is perennial, with fronds tufted or few together,
0.33 to 0.99 feet (0.1-0.3 m) long. Blades are ovate-deltoid to
elongate deltoid, 1.2 to 6 inches (3-15 cm) long and 1.0 to 3.0 inches
(2.5-7.6 cm) wide, and bipinnate or ternate. The sori are short, but
almost connected in a continous chain on the pinnae. Black spleenwort
fern has short rhizomes with numerous roots [5,15].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Hemicryptophyte
Geophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Black spleenwort fern reproduces from spores and short rhizomes [5,15].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Black spleenwort fern occurs in rocky or mountainous areas [5,6,7,15].
In Utah, it is found on shaded, mesic cliffs of Navajo sandstone [15].
Black spleenwort fern occurs at elevations of 5,775 feet (1,750 m) in
Utah, 5,500 feet (1,650 m) in Colorado, and 7,500 feet (2,250 m) in
Arizona [5,7,15].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Black spleenwort fern grows on cliffs and ledges. These areas may
protect it from most fires.
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Black spleenwort fern is probably top-killed by fire.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Black spleenwort fern may sprout from rhizomes after fire.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | Black Spleenwort Fern
REFERENCES :
1. Bennert, H. Wilfried; Jager, Wolfgang; Theren, Gregor. 1982. Spore
characters of taxa within the Asplenium adiantum-nigrum complex and
their systematical significance. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. Bd. 95(2):
297-312. [23411]
2. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
3. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
4. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
5. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed.
Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p. [6851]
6. Hughes, Flint; Vitousek, Peter M.; Tunison, Timothy. 1991. Alien grass
invasion and fire in the seasonal submontane zone of Hawai'i. Ecology.
72(2): 743-746. [15962]
7. Kearney, Thomas H.; Peebles, Robert H.; Howell, John Thomas; McClintock,
Elizabeth. 1960. Arizona flora. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press. 1085 p. [6563]
8. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
9. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
10. Richardson, P. Mick; Lorenz-Liburnau, Eugenia. 1982. C-glycosylxanthones
in the Asplenium adiantum-nigrum complex. American Fern Journal. 72(4):
103-106. [23336]
11. Richardson, P. M. 1983. Phenolic chemistry distinguishes Asplenium
adiantum-nigrum L. from A. cuneifolium VIV. Watsonia. 14(4): 414-415.
[23335]
12. Sleep, Anne. 1980. On the reported occurrence of Asplenium cuneifolium
and A. adiantum-nigrum in the British Isles. Fern Gazette. 12(2):
103-107. [23334]
13. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
14. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Plants
of the U.S.--alphabetical listing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 954 p. [23104]
15. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry
C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo,
UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]
Index
Related categories for Species: Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
| Black Spleenwort Fern
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