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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
ABBREVIATION :
ANTPAR
SYNONYMS :
Antennaria aprica Greene [9,10,11,20,22]
Antennaria parviflora Nutt. [13]
SCS PLANT CODE :
ANPA4
COMMON NAMES :
littleleaf pussytoes
small-leaf pussytoes
Nuttall's pussytoes
common pussytoes
Rocky Mountain pussytoes
silver pussytoes
pussytoes
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of littleleaf pussytoes is
Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. [6,10,11,20]. One variety, A. parvifolia
var. aureola (Lunnell) Chmielewski, is recognized [22].
Littleleaf pussytoes apparently hybridizes with umbrinella pussytoes (A.
umbrinella Rydb.) to form A. x concinna E. Nels. [22].
LIFE FORM :
Forb
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Robin F. Matthews, November 1993
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Matthews, Robin F. 1993. Antennaria parvifolia. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Littleleaf pussytoes is distributed from British Columbia east to
Manitoba and south to Nebraska, Colorado, and Arizona [9,11,13,20].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES40 Desert grasslands
FRES44 Alpine
STATES :
AZ CO ID MN MT NE NV NM ND SD
TX UT WA WY AB BC MB SK
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
AGFO BAND BICA BLCA BRCA CEBR
COLM DETO FLFO GLAC GRCA GRTE
GRSA GUMO MEVE MORU NABR ROMO
THRO TICA WACA WICA YELL ZION
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K011 Western ponderosa forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest
K019 Arizona pine forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
K021 Southwestern spruce - fir forest
K022 Great Basin pine forest
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K024 Juniper steppe woodland
K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
K053 Grama - galleta steppe
K054 Grama - tobosa prairie
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K056 Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
K057 Galleta - three-awn shrubsteppe
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
K065 Grama - buffalograss
K066 Wheatgrass - needlegrass
K067 Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
K068 Wheatgrass - grama - buffalograss
K069 Bluestem - grama prairie
K074 Bluestem prairie
SAF COVER TYPES :
16 Aspen
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
210 Interior Douglas-fir
211 White fir
216 Blue spruce
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
237 Interior ponderosa pine
238 Western juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Some species associated with littleleaf pussytoes in sagebrush habitats
include bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), prairie
junegrass (Koeleria cristata), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda),
needle-and-thread grass (Stipa comata), western yarrow (Achillea
millefolium), fleabane (Erigeron spp.), buckwheat (Eriogonum spp.),
lupine (Lupinus spp.), and phlox (Phlox spp.) [2].
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
NO-ENTRY
PALATABILITY :
The palatability of littleleaf pussytoes is poor for cattle, sheep, and
horses [5].
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
Littleleaf pussytoes is poor in protein and energy value [5].
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Littleleaf pussytoes is an indicator of overgrazing in Colorado. In
ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/grassland communities, littleleaf
pussytoes survives trampling and is very persistant but useless as
forage. Its cover decreases slightly under light to moderate grazing
intensity, but increases under heavy grazing [15]. Littleleaf pussytoes
generally increases in response to grazing in Montana [19]. Since it is
often too short to be grazed [3], it may benefit from decreased
competition on heavily grazed sites.
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Littleleaf pussytoes is a stoloniferous, mat-forming, perennial forb.
Stems are 1.2 to 6.0 inches (3-15 cm) tall. Leaves are simple,
alternate, and mostly basal. Cauline leaves are reduced upwards. The
inflorescence is a large, closely aggregated cyme with two to six heads.
The fruit is a small achene [9,10,11,20].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Hemicryptophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Littleleaf pussytoes reproduces from seed or spreads vegetatively
through stolons. Seeds of pussytoes (Antennaria spp.) are light
and wind dispersed. They are generally not stored in soil seedbanks
[16].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Littleleaf pussytoes is found on open plains and prairie, in open
forests, dry meadows, and pastures, and along roadsides [6,9,10,13].
Littleleaf pussytoes exhibits good growth on gentle slopes, but does not
grow well on steep slopes. It grows best on loam-, clayey loam-, and
clay-textured soils. Growth is poor on gravel, sand, and dense clay.
It occurs at the following elevations [5]:
feet meters
CO 5,000-12,000 1,500-3,600
MT 3,300- 6,000 1,000-1,800
UT 5,400-10,700 1,650-3,250
WY 4,300- 8,400 1,300-2,500.
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Littleleaf pussytoes' matted growth form enables it to survive
disturbance [22]. Other descriptions of its place in plant succession
were not found in the literature.
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Littleleaf pussytoes flowers from May to July [4,9].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Pussytoes species colonize bare mineral soil from light, wind-dispersed
seed [16].
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Littleleaf pussytoes is probably killed by most fires.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Available information on the response of littleleaf pussytoes to fire is
sparse. Taylor [21] reported that littleleaf pussytoes was present in
lodgepole pine stands in Yellowstone National Park that had burned more
than 100 years previously. Its cover was sparse, and it was found only
in the oldest stands observed.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Antennaria parvifolia | Littleleaf Pussytoes
REFERENCES :
1. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
2. Blaisdell, James P. 1958. Seasonal development and yield of native
plants on the upper Snake River Plains and their relation to certain
climatic factors. Tech. Bull. 1190. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture. 68 p. [463]
3. Brand, M. D.; Goetz, H. 1978. Secondary succession of a mixed grass
community in southwestern North Dakota. Annual Proceedings of the North
Dakota Academy of Science. 32(2): 67-78. [7512]
4. Cronquist, Arthur. 1955. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest: Part
5: Compositae. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 343 p. [716]
5. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
6. Dorn, Robert D. 1988. Vascular plants of Wyoming. Cheyenne, WY: Mountain
West Publishing. 340 p. [6129]
7. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
8. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
9. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
10. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed.
Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p. [6851]
11. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific
Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
12. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
13. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central
Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station. 648 p. [13798]
14. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
15. Smith, Dwight R. 1967. Effects of cattle grazing on a ponderosa
pine-bunchgrass range in Colorado. Technical Bulletin No. 1371.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 60 p.
[4763]
16. Steele, Robert; Geier-Hayes, Kathleen. 1993. The Douglas-fir/pinegrass
habitat type in central Idaho: succession and management. Gen. Tech.
Rep. INT-298. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Research Station. 83 p. [21512]
17. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
19. Wambolt, Carl. 1981. Montana range plants: Common and scientific names.
Bulletin 355. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University, Cooperative
Extension Service. 27 p. [2450]
20. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry
C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo,
UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944]
21. Taylor, Dale L. 1969. Biotic succession of lodgepole pine forests of
fire origin in Yellowstone National Park. Laramie, WY: University of
Wyoming. 320 p. M.S. thesis. [9481]
22. Chmielewski, J. G.; Chinnappa, C. C.; Semple, J. C. 1990. The genus
Antennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae) in western North America: morphometric
analysis of Antennaria alborosea, A. corymbosa, A. marginata, A.
microphylla, A. parvifolia, A. rosea, and A. umbrinella. Plant
Systematics and Evolution. 169: 151-175. [22102]
23. Benninger-Truax, Mary; Vankat, John L.; Schaefer, Robert L. 1992. Trail
corridors as habitat and conduits for movement of plant species in Rocky
Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Landscape Ecology. 6(4): 269-278.
[22175]
Index
Related categories for Species: Antennaria parvifolia
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