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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Carduus nutans | Musk Thistle
REFERENCES :
1. Bare, Janet E. 1979. Wildflowers and weeds of Kansas. Lawrence, KS: The
Regents Press of Kansas. 509 p. [3801]
2. Beck, K. George. 1991. Biennial thistle control with herbicides. In:
James, Lynn F.; Evans, John O.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Child, R. Dennis,
eds. Noxious range weeds. Westview Special Studies in Agri. Science and
Policy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 254-259. [23553]
3. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
4. Davis, James N.; Harper, Kimball T. 1990. Weedy annuals and
establishment of seeded species on a chained juniper-pinyon woodland in
central Utah. In: McArthur, E. Durant; Romney, Evan M.; Smith, Stanley
D.; Tueller, Paul T., compilers. Proceedings--symposium on cheatgrass
invasion, shrub die-off, and other aspects of shrub biology and
management; 1989 April 5-7; Las Vegas, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-276.
Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain
Research Station: 72-79. [12872]
5. Desrochers, A. M.; Bain, J. F.; Warwick, S. I. 1988. The biology of
Canadian weeds. 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L.
Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 68: 1053-1068. [23888]
6. Desrochers, A. M.; Bain, J. F.; Warwick, S. I. 1988. A biosystematic
study of the Carduus nutans complex in Canada. Canadian Journal of
Botany. 66: 1621-1631. [23883]
7. Dewey, Steven A. 1991. Weedy thistles of the western United States. In:
James, Lynn F.; Evans, John O.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Child, R. Dennis,
eds. Noxious range weeds. Westview Special Studies in Agri. Science and
Policy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 247-253. [23552]
8. Dunn, P. H. 1976. Distribution of Carduus nutans, C. acanthoides, C.
pycnocephalus, and C. crispus, in the United States. Seed Science.
24(5): 518-524. [23889]
9. Evans, Francis C. 1986. Bee-flower interactions on an old field in
southeastern Michigan. In: Clambey, Gary K.; Pemble, Richard H., eds.
The prairie: past, present and future: Proceedings, 9th North American
prairie conference; 1984 July 29 - August 1; Moorhead, MN. Fargo, ND:
Tri-College University Center for Environmental Studies: 103-109.
[3538]
10. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
11. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
12. Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of
northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York: New
York Botanical Garden. 910 p. [20329]
13. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
14. Hamrick, J. L.; Lee, Janet M. 1987. Effect of soil surface topography
and litter cover on the germination, survival, and growth of musk
thistle (Carduus nutans). American Journal of Botany. 74(3): 451-457.
[23882]
15. Hickman, James C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of
California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1400 p.
[21992]
16. Hulbert, Lloyd C. 1986. Fire effects on tallgrass prairie. In: Clambey,
Gary K.; Pemble, Richard H., eds. The prairie: past, present and future:
Proceedings, 9th North American prairie conference; 1984 July 29 -
August 1; Moorhead, MN. Fargo, ND: Tri-College University Center for
Environmental Studies: 138-142. [3550]
17. Hull, A. C., Jr.; Evand, John O. 1973. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans): an
undesirable range plant. Journal of Range Management. 26(5): 383-385.
[24326]
18. Kalisz, P. J.; Davis, W. H. 1992. Effect of prairie voles on vegetation
and soils in central Kentucky. American Midland Naturalist. 127(2):
392-399. [18193]
19. Kok, Loke T.; McAvoy, Thomas J.; Mays, Warren T. 1986. Impact of tall
fescue grass and Carduus thistle weevils on the growth and development
of musk thistle (Carduus nutans). Weed Science. 34: 966-971. [23890]
20. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
21. Lacefield, Garry D.; Gray, Elmer. 1970. The life cycle of nodding
thistle (Carduus nutans L.) in Kentucky. In: Proceedings, northcentral
weed control conference: 105-107. [23886]
22. Lacey, John R.; Lacey, Celestine A. 1985. Controlling pasture and range
weeds in Montana. Bulletin 362. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University,
Cooperative Extension Service. 33 p. [1397]
23. Lee, Janet M.; Hamrick, J. L. 1983. Demography of two natural
populations of musk thistle (Carduus nutans). Journal of Ecology. 71:
923-936. [23884]
24. Leininger, Wayne C. 1988. Non-chemical alternatives for managing
selected plant species in the western United States. XCM-118. Fort
Collins, CO: Colorado State University, Cooperative Extension. In
cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service. 47 p. [13038]
25. McCambridge, W. F.; Morris, M. J.; Edminster, C. B. 1982. Herbage
production under ponderosa pine killed by the mountain pine beetle in
Colorado. Res. Note RM-416. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment
Station. 3 p. [16929]
26. McCarty, Melvin K. 1982. Musk thistle (Carduus thoermeri) seed
production. Weed Science. 30: 441-445. [23885]
27. Medd, R. W.; Lovett, J. V. 1978. Biological studies of Carduus nutans
(L.) ssp. nutans. I. Germination and light requirement of seedlings.
Weed Research. 18: 363-367. [23891]
28. Medd, R. W.; Lovett, J. V. 1978. Biological studies of Carduus nutans
(L.) ssp. nutans. II. Vernalization and phenological development. Weed
Research. 18: 369-372. [23892]
29. Popay, A. I.; Medd, R. W. 1990. The biology of Australian weeds 21.
Carduus nutans L. spp nutans. Plant Protection Quarterly. 5(1): 3-13.
[23673]
30. Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, C. Ritchie. 1968. Manual of
the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of
North Carolina Press. 1183 p. [7606]
31. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
32. Rees, Norman E. 1991. Biological control of thistles. In: James, Lynn
F.; Evans, John O.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Child, R. Dennis, eds. Noxious
range weeds. Westview Special Studies in Agri. Science and Policy.
Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 264-273. [23554]
33. Smith, Lane M., II; Kok, L. T. 1984. Dispersal of musk thistle (Cardus
nutans) seeds. Weed Science. 32: 120-125. [23887]
34. Spellenberg, Richard. 1993. Species of special concern. In: Dick-Peddie,
William A., ed. New Mexico vegetation: Past, present, and future.
Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press: 179-224. [21101]
35. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
36. Story, Jim M. 1992. Biological control of weeds: selective, economical
and safe. Western Wildlands. 18(2): 18-23. [19464]
37. Trumble, J. T.; Kok, L. T. 1980. Integration of a thistle-head weevil
and herbicide for Carduus thistle control. Protection Ecology. 2: 57-64.
[23916]
38. Tutin, T. G.; Haywood, V. H.; Burges, N. A.; [and others]. 1976.
Compositae: 117. Carduus L. Flora Europaea. 4: 220-232. [23881]
39. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1994. Plants
of the U.S.--alphabetical listing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 954 p. [23104]
40. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey. [n.d.]. NP
Flora [Data base]. Davis, CA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National
Biological Survey. [23119]
Related categories for Species: Carduus nutans
| Musk Thistle
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