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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Cirsium vulgare | Bull Thistle
REFERENCES :
1. Antos, Joseph A.; Shearer, Raymond C. 1980. Vegetation development on
disturbed grand fir sites, Swan Valley, northwestern Montana. Res. Pap.
INT-251. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
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2. Bard, Gily E. 1952. Secondary succession on the Piedmont of New Jersey.
Ecological Monographs. 22(3): 195-215. [4777]
3. Bare, Janet E. 1979. Wildflowers and weeds of Kansas. Lawrence, KS: The
Regents Press of Kansas. 509 p. [3801]
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reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
5. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
6. Edgerton, Paul J. 1987. Influence of ungulates on the development of the
shrub understory of an upper slope mixed conifer forest. In: Provenza,
Frederick D.; Flinders, Jerran T.; McArthur, E. Durant, compilers.
Proceedings--symposium on plant-herbivore interactions; 1985 August 7-9;
Snowbird, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-222. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 162-167.
[7411]
7. Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. 1982. Field guide to North American
edible wild plants. [Place of publication unknown]: Outdoor Life Books.
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Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
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1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
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10. Gourley, Mark; Vomocil, Marc; Newton, Michael. 1990. Forest weeding
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Management. 36: 177-185. [13064]
11. Green, Pat; Jensen, Mark. 1991. Plant succession within managed grand
fir forests of northern Idaho. In: Harvey, Alan E.; Neuenschwander, Leon
F., compilers. Proceedings--management and productivity of
western-montane forest soils; 1990 April 10-12; Boise, ID. Gen. Tech.
Rep. INT-280. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Research Station: 232-236. [15987]
12. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
13. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific
Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
14. Hooven, Edward F. 1969. The influence of forest succession on
populations of small animals in western Oregon. In: Black, Hugh C., ed.
Wildlife and reforestation in the Pacific Northwest: Proceedings of a
symposium; 1968 September 12-13; Corvallis, OR. Corvallis, OR: Oregon
State University, School of Forestry: 30-34. [7943]
15. Hulten, Eric. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories.
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the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume
II: The biota of North America. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North
Carolina Press; in confederation with Anne H. Lindsey and C. Richie
Bell, North Carolina Botanical Garden. 500 p. [6954]
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Wildlife Management. 49(1): 156-161. [15521]
18. Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.; DeJong, Tom J. 1993. Cirsium vulgare (Savi)
Ten.: (Carduus lanceolatus L., Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop., non
Hill). Journal of Ecology. 81: 177-191. [20980]
19. Kramer, Neal B.; Johnson, Frederic D. 1987. Mature forest seed banks of
three habitat types in central Idaho. Canadian Journal of Botany. 65:
1961-1966. [3961]
20. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
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21. Ledgard, N. J.; Davis, M. R.; Platt, K. 1987. Reforestation after fire
in Canterbury beech forests. What's New in Forest Research No. 149.
Rotorua, New Zealand: Ministry of Forestry, Forestry Research Centre,
Forest Research Institute. 4 p. [19486]
22. Mitich, Larry W. 1988. Thistles I: Cirsium and Carduus. Weed Technology.
2: 228-229. [5507]
23. Randall, John M. 1990. Establishment and control of bull thistle
(Cirsium vulgare) in Yosemite Valley. In: Van Riper, Charles, III;
Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Veirs, Stephen D., Jr.; Hillyer, Silvia Castillo,
eds. Examples of resource inventory & monitoring in national parks of
California: Proceedings, 3rd biennial conference on research in
California's national parks; 1988 September 13-15; Davis, CA: Trans. and
Proceedings Series No.8. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the
Interior, National Park Service: 177-193. [15199]
24. Randall, John M. 1991. Population dynamics and control of bull thistle,
Cirsium vulgare, in Yosemite Valley. In: Center, Ted D.; Doren, Robert
F.; Hofstetter, Ronald L.; Myers, Ronald L.; Whiteaker, Louis D, eds.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Exotic Pest Plants; 1988 November 2 -
November 4; Miami, FL. Tech. Rep. NPS/NREVER/NRTR-91/06. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service: 261-281.
[17871]
25. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
26. Shearer, Raymond C.; Stickney, Peter F. 1991. Natural revegetation of
burned and unburned clearcuts in western larch forests of northwest
Montana. In: Nodvin, Stephen C.; Waldrop, Thomas A., eds. Fire and the
environment: ecological and cultural perspectives: Proceedings of an
international symposium; 1990 March 20-24; Knoxville, TN. Gen. Tech.
Rep. SE-69. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station: 66-74. [16635]
27. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
28. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 1971.
Common weeds of the United States. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
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29. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
30. Whitson, Tom D., ed. 1987. Weeds and poisonous plants of Wyoming and
Utah. Res. Rep. 116-USU. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, College of
Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. 281 p. [2939]
31. Young, Richard P. 1986. Fire ecology and management in plant communities
of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Portland, OR: Oregon State
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32. Kearney, Thomas H.; Peebles, Robert H.; Howell, John Thomas; McClintock,
Elizabeth. 1960. Arizona flora. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press. 1085 p. [6563]
Related categories for Species: Cirsium vulgare | Bull Thistle
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